Exam question 2 · Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped

Which of the following statements most accurately distinguishes magma from lava?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, distinguish · To what, where: magma

This is exam question 2 of lesson 43 «Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 distinguishes	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 distinguishes	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 distinguishes	advmod
8	distinguishes	distinguish	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	magma	magma	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 distinguishes	obj
10	from	from	ADP	_	11 lava	case
11	lava	lava	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 distinguishes	obl
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 distinguishes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	distinguish	present		magma				of the following statements; from lava; accurately property	vn distinguish-23.5-1 «NP V NP.theme PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent magma=Theme from lava=Co-Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

Magma lies beneath the ground; lava has emerged upon the surface

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Magma	Magma	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 lies	nsubj
2	lies	lie	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	5 ground	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 ground	det
5	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 lies	obl
6	;	;	PUNCT	_	9 emerged	punct
7	lava	lava	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 emerged	nsubj:pass
8	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 emerged	aux
9	emerged	emerge	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 lies	conj
10	upon	upon	ADP	_	12 surface	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 surface	det
12	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 emerged	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lie	present	Magma			the ground			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent beneath ground=Location
2	emerge	present · perfect · passive		lava				upon the surface	vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Magma is solid rock; lava is liquid rock

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Magma	Magma	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 rock	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 rock	cop
3	solid	solid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 rock	amod
4	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	;	;	PUNCT	_	9 rock	punct
6	lava	lava	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 rock	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 rock	cop
8	liquid	liquid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 rock	amod
9	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 rock	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Magma	solid rock and liquid rock					tree rules
2	is a	present	lava	liquid rock					tree rules

Option 3

Magma has emerged upon the surface; lava lies beneath the ground

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Magma	Magma	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 emerged	nsubj
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 emerged	aux
3	emerged	emerge	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	upon	upon	ADP	_	6 surface	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 surface	det
6	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 emerged	obl
7	;	;	PUNCT	_	9 lies	punct
8	lava	lava	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 lies	nsubj
9	lies	lie	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 emerged	conj
10	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	12 ground	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 ground	det
12	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 lies	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	emerge	present · perfect	Magma			the surface			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon surface=Location
2	lie	present	lava			the ground			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent beneath ground=Location

Option 4

Magma is volcanic ash; lava is volcanic gas

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Magma	Magma	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 ash	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 ash	cop
3	volcanic	volcanic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 ash	amod
4	ash	ash	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	;	;	PUNCT	_	9 gas	punct
6	lava	lava	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 gas	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 gas	cop
8	volcanic	volcanic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 gas	amod
9	gas	gas	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 ash	appos

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Magma	volcanic ash					tree rules
2	is a	present	lava	volcanic gas					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/43-landforms/e2/