Exam question 3 · Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped

Which of the following is designated by the term delta?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: following · What happens: follow, designate

This is exam question 3 of lesson 43 «Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 following	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	4 following	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 following	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 designated	csubj:pass
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 designated	aux:pass
6	designated	designate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	by	by	ADP	_	10 delta	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 delta	det
9	term	term	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 delta	compound
10	delta	delta	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 designated	obl
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 designated	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	designate	present · passive	following					by the term delta	vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

A deep valley carved by a glacier

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 valley	det
2	deep	deep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 valley	amod
3	valley	valley	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	carved	carve	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 valley	acl
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 glacier	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 glacier	det
7	glacier	glacier	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 carved	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	carve	participle		a deep valley not said here				by a glacier	vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2

A lake lying in a hollow of the land

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 lake	det
2	lake	lake	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	lying	lie	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 lake	acl
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 hollow	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 hollow	det
6	hollow	hollow	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lying	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 land	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 land	det
9	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 hollow	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lie	gerund	a lake not said here			a hollow of the land			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in hollow=Location

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Flat land formed from mud and sand deposited at a river's mouth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Flat	flat	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 land	amod
2	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	formed	form	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 land	acl
4	from	from	ADP	_	5 mud	case
5	mud	mud	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 formed	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 sand	cc
7	sand	sand	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 mud	conj
8	deposited	deposit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 mud	acl
9	at	at	ADP	_	13 mouth	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 river	det
11	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 mouth	nmod:poss
12	's	's	PART	_	11 river	case
13	mouth	mouth	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 deposited	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	form	participle		Flat land not said here		mud and sand			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	deposit	participle		mud and sand not said here		a river's mouth			vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent at mouth=Destination

Option 4

The source of a river among mountains

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 source	det
2	source	source	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 river	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 river	det
5	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 source	nmod
6	among	among	ADP	_	7 mountains	case
7	mountains	mountain	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 source	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/43-landforms/e3/