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Test 7 · ★ · Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped

A rock left in a sunny, frosty place cracks into pieces after many winters. What has happened?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: rock · What happens: leave, crack, happen · To what, where: rock, sunny frosty place, pieces

This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 43 «Mountains, rivers and seas, and how the land is shaped» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A rock left in a sunny, frosty place cracks into pieces after many winters.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 rock	det
2	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 cracks	nsubj
3	left	leave	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 rock	acl
4	in	in	ADP	_	9 place	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 place	det
6	sunny	sunny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 place	amod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 sunny	punct
8	frosty	frosty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 place	amod
9	place	place	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 left	obl
10	cracks	crack	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	into	into	ADP	_	12 pieces	case
12	pieces	piece	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 cracks	obl
13	after	after	ADP	_	15 winters	case
14	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 winters	amod
15	winters	winter	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 pieces	nmod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 cracks	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	leave	participle		a rock not said here				in a sunny frosty place result	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in place=Result
2	crack	present	a rock					into pieces after many winters result	vn break-45.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Patient into piece=Result

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What has happened?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 happened	nsubj
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 happened	aux
3	happened	happen	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 happened	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	present · perfect							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1

An earthquake under the rock

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 earthquake	det
2	earthquake	earthquake	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	under	under	ADP	_	5 rock	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 rock	det
5	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 earthquake	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Weathering by freezing water in its cracks

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Weathering	weather	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	by	by	ADP	_	4 water	case
3	freezing	freeze	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 water	amod
4	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Weathering	obl
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 cracks	case
6	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 cracks	nmod:poss
7	cracks	crack	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Weathering	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	weather	gerund				water's cracks		by freezing water	tree rules
2	freeze	gerund							vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Lava pouring over the rock

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Lava	lava	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	pouring	pour	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	1 Lava	acl
3	over	over	ADP	_	5 rock	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 rock	det
5	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 pouring	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pour	gerund	Lava not said here			the rock			vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over rock=Location

Option 4

The rock dried out and turned into sand at once

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 rock	det
2	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 turned	nsubj
3	dried	dry	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 rock	acl
4	out	out	ADP	_	3 dried	compound:prt
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 dried	cc
6	turned	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	into	into	ADP	_	8 sand	case
8	sand	sand	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 turned	obl
9	at	at	ADP	_	10 once	case
10	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	6 turned	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dry out	participle		the rock not said here					vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	turn	past	the rock			sand			vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Theme into sand=Source at once=Trajectory

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/43-landforms/t7/