Test 11 · The Sun as a star and the stars

why do stars look so tiny if they're massive

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: stars · What happens: look, be

This is test 11 of lesson 5 «The Sun as a star and the stars» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	4 look	advmod
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 look	aux
3	stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 look	nsubj
4	look	look	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	so	so	ADV	_	6 tiny	advmod
6	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 look	xcomp
7	if	if	SCONJ	_	10 massive	mark
8	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 massive	nsubj
9	're	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 massive	cop
10	massive	massive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 look	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	look	present · do-support	stars					tiny property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
2	is a condition, not said to happen	present	stars = star					massive property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

Because they're very, very far away

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Because	because	SCONJ	_	4 very	mark
2	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 very	nsubj
3	're	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 very	cop
4	very	very	ADV	_	7 far	advcl
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 very	punct
6	very	very	ADV	_	7 far	advmod
7	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	root	root
8	away	away	ADV	_	7 far	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	they					very property	tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Because they really are smaller than the Moon

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Because	because	SCONJ	_	5 smaller	mark
2	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 smaller	nsubj
3	really	really	ADV	_	5 smaller	advmod
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 smaller	cop
5	smaller	small	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
6	than	than	ADP	_	8 Moon	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Moon	det
8	Moon	Moon	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 smaller	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	they					than the Moon; small property	tree rules

Option 3

Because the air shrinks them at night

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Because	because	SCONJ	_	4 shrinks	mark
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 air	det
3	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 shrinks	nsubj
4	shrinks	shrink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 shrinks	obj
6	at	at	ADP	_	7 night	case
7	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 shrinks	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	shrink	present	the air	them = they			night		vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent they=Patient

Option 4

Because they are much colder than the Sun

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Because	because	SCONJ	_	5 colder	mark
2	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 colder	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 colder	cop
4	much	much	ADV	_	5 colder	advmod
5	colder	cold	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
6	than	than	ADP	_	8 Sun	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Sun	det
8	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 colder	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	they					than the Sun; cold property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/5-the-sun-and-the-stars/t11/