Test 12 · The Sun as a star and the stars

Leo says the Sun's the biggest star there is. true?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Leo, Sun, biggest star · What happens: say, be · To what, where: biggest star · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 12 of lesson 5 «The Sun as a star and the stars» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Leo	Leo	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 Sun	det
4	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 star	nsubj
5	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 star	cop
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 star	det
7	biggest	big	ADJ	Degree=Sup	8 star	amod
8	star	star	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 says	ccomp
9	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	10 is	expl
10	is	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 star	acl:relcl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 star	punct
12	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 says	xcomp
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Leo			true property	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is a	present	the Sun	the biggest star			tree rules
3	be	present	the biggest star not said here		there		vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

No, the Moon is a bigger star than the Sun

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	8 star	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 Moon	det
4	Moon	Moon	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 star	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 star	cop
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 star	det
7	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	8 star	amod
8	star	star	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	than	than	ADP	_	11 Sun	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 Sun	det
11	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 star	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the Moon	a bigger star				than the Sun	tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Yes, it's the biggest and brightest star in the whole sky

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	9 star	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 star	nsubj
4	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 star	cop
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 star	det
6	biggest	big	ADJ	Degree=Sup	9 star	amod
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 brightest	cc
8	brightest	bright	ADJ	Degree=Sup	6 biggest	conj
9	star	star	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
10	in	in	ADP	_	13 sky	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 sky	det
12	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 sky	amod
13	sky	sky	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 star	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	it	the biggest star		the whole sky			tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

No, many stars are bigger and brighter than the Sun

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	6 bigger	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 bigger	punct
3	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 stars	amod
4	stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 bigger	nsubj
5	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 bigger	cop
6	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 brighter	cc
8	brighter	bright	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 bigger	conj
9	than	than	ADP	_	11 Sun	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 Sun	det
11	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 bigger	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	many stars					than the Sun; big property	tree rules
2	be		many stars not said here						tree rules

Option 4

Yes, that's why it looks the biggest to us

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	4 's	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 's	punct
3	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 's	nsubj
4	's	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 looks	advcl
5	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	7 looks	advmod
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 looks	nsubj
7	looks	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 biggest	det
9	biggest	big	ADJ	Degree=Sup	7 looks	conj
10	to	to	ADP	_	11 us	case
11	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	7 looks	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	be	present	that						vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	look	present	it		us				vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to we=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/5-the-sun-and-the-stars/t12/