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Test 6 · The Sun as a star and the stars

A street lamp near you looks bigger and brighter than one far away, though both are the same. What does this explain?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: street lamp, both, this · What happens: look, be, explain

This is test 6 of lesson 5 «The Sun as a star and the stars» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A street lamp near you looks bigger and brighter than one far away, though both are the same.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 lamp	det
2	street	street	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lamp	compound
3	lamp	lamp	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 looks	nsubj
4	near	near	ADP	_	5 you	case
5	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	3 lamp	nmod
6	looks	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 looks	xcomp
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 brighter	cc
9	brighter	bright	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	7 bigger	conj
10	than	than	SCONJ	_	13 away	mark
11	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	13 away	nsubj
12	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	13 away	advmod
13	away	away	ADV	_	9 brighter	advcl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 same	punct
15	though	though	SCONJ	_	19 same	mark
16	both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	19 same	nsubj
17	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 same	cop
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 same	det
19	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 looks	conj
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 looks	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	look	present	a street lamp near you					big property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
2	is	present	both					same property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What does this explain?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 explain	obj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 explain	aux
3	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 explain	nsubj
4	explain	explain	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 explain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	explain speech: assert	present · do-support	this						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Topic

The options

Option 1

Why we have warm summers and cold winters

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	3 have	advmod
2	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 have	nsubj
3	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 summers	amod
5	summers	summer	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 winters	cc
7	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 winters	amod
8	winters	winter	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 summers	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	we				summer		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 2

Why the Moon seems to change its shape during the month

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	4 seems	advmod
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 Moon	det
3	Moon	Moon	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 seems	nsubj
4	seems	seem	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 change	mark
6	change	change	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 seems	xcomp
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 shape	nmod:poss
8	shape	shape	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 change	obj
9	during	during	ADP	_	11 month	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 month	det
11	month	month	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 change	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	seem	present	the Moon						vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute
2	change	to-infinitive	the Moon not said here	Moon's shape			month		vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shape=Patient

Option 3

Why stars seem to twinkle in the night sky

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	3 seem	advmod
2	stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 seem	nsubj
3	seem	seem	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 twinkle	mark
5	twinkle	twinkle	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 seem	xcomp
6	in	in	ADP	_	9 sky	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 sky	det
8	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 sky	compound
9	sky	sky	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 twinkle	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	seem	present	stars						vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute
2	twinkle	to-infinitive	stars not said here			the night sky			vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sky=Location

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Why the Sun looks bigger and brighter than other stars

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	4 looks	advmod
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 Sun	det
3	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 looks	nsubj
4	looks	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 looks	xcomp
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 brighter	cc
7	brighter	bright	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 bigger	conj
8	than	than	ADP	_	10 stars	case
9	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 stars	amod
10	stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 bigger	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	look	present	the Sun					big property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/5-the-sun-and-the-stars/t6/