Test 11 · ★★★ · Thinking like a geographer: rivers, mountains and deserts

rivers keep pouring into the sea, why doesn't it overflow

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: rivers, sea · What happens: keep, pour, not overflow · To what, where: sea

This is test 11 · ★★★ of lesson 50 «Thinking like a geographer: rivers, mountains and deserts» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	rivers	river	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 keep	nsubj
2	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	pouring	pour	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 keep	xcomp
4	into	into	ADP	_	6 sea	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 sea	det
6	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pouring	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 overflow	punct
8	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	12 overflow	advmod
9	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 overflow	aux
10	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	12 overflow	advmod
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 overflow	nsubj
12	overflow	overflow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 keep	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	roles by
1	keep	present	rivers		tree rules
2	pour	gerund	rivers not said here	the sea	vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into sea=Location
3	not overflow	present · do-support	sea		tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The rivers all stop flowing in winter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 rivers	det
2	rivers	river	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 stop	nsubj
3	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 stop	advmod
4	stop	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	flowing	flow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 stop	xcomp
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 winter	case
7	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 flowing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stop	present	the rivers						vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality
2	flow	gerund	the rivers not said here				winter		vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

The sea leaks away into the Earth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 sea	det
2	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 leaks	nsubj
3	leaks	leak	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	away	away	ADV	_	3 leaks	advmod
5	into	into	ADP	_	7 Earth	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Earth	det
7	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 leaks	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	leak away	present	the sea			the Earth		away property	vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into earth=Location

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It loses as much by evaporation

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 loses	nsubj
2	loses	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	as	as	ADV	_	4 much	advmod
4	much	much	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 loses	obj
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 evaporation	case
6	evaporation	evaporation	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 loses	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lose	present	It	much				by evaporation	vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent much=Eventuality

Option 4

The fish drink up all the extra water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 fish	det
2	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 drink	nsubj
3	drink	drink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	up	up	ADP	_	3 drink	compound:prt
5	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	8 water	det:predet
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 water	det
7	extra	extra	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 water	amod
8	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 drink	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	drink up	present	the fish	all extra water					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/50-why-the-earth-is-so/t11/