Test 10 · ★★★ · Thinking like a geographer: rivers, mountains and deserts

if mountains are closer to the sun why's there snow on top

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: mountains · What happens: be

This is test 10 · ★★★ of lesson 50 «Thinking like a geographer: rivers, mountains and deserts» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	if	if	SCONJ	_	4 closer	mark
2	mountains	mountain	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 closer	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 closer	cop
4	closer	close	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	11 snow	amod
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 sun	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 sun	det
7	sun	sun	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 closer	obl
8	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	9 's	advmod
9	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 closer	cop
10	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	4 closer	expl
11	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
12	on	on	ADP	_	13 top	case
13	top	top	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 snow	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	mountains			there		to the sun; close property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The rocks up there make cold

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 rocks	det
2	rocks	rock	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 make	nsubj
3	up	up	ADV	_	5 make	advmod
4	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	5 make	advmod
5	make	make	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 make	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	infinitive	the rocks			there		cold property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Rising air thins and cools, so it is colder higher up

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rising	rise	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 air	amod
2	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 thins	nsubj
3	thins	thin	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 cools	cc
5	cools	cool	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 thins	conj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 colder	punct
7	so	so	ADV	_	10 colder	advmod
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 colder	nsubj
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 colder	cop
10	colder	cold	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 thins	conj
11	higher	high	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	10 colder	parataxis
12	up	up	ADV	_	11 higher	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	rise	gerund			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	thin	present	Rising air		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	cool	present	Rising air not said here		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
4	is	present	air	cold property	tree rules

Option 3

Snow is blown up from the sea

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 blown	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 blown	aux:pass
3	blown	blow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	up	up	ADP	_	3 blown	compound:prt
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 sea	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 sea	det
7	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 blown	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	blow up	present · passive		Snow				from the sea	vn split-23.2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: subject=Patient from sea=Co-Patient

Option 4

The Sun cannot reach the peaks through the thick clouds

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Sun	det
2	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 reach	nsubj
3	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 reach	aux
4	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 reach	advmod
5	reach	reach	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 peaks	det
7	peaks	peak	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 reach	obj
8	through	through	ADP	_	11 clouds	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 clouds	det
10	thick	thick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 clouds	amod
11	clouds	cloud	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 reach	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not reach	can	the Sun	the peaks		the thick clouds			vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent peak=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/50-why-the-earth-is-so/t10/