Test 9 · ★★★ · Thinking like a geographer: rivers, mountains and deserts

Which shows that being nearer the Sun is NOT what makes a place warm?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Sun · What happens: show, be, not be, make · To what, where: place · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 9 · ★★★ of lesson 50 «Thinking like a geographer: rivers, mountains and deserts» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	2 shows	nsubj
2	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	5 nearer	mark
4	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 nearer	cop
5	nearer	near	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 shows	ccomp
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Sun	det
7	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 what	nsubj
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 what	cop
9	NOT	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	10 what	advmod
10	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	5 nearer	parataxis
11	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 what	acl:relcl
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 place	det
13	place	place	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 makes	obj
14	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 makes	xcomp
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 shows	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	show	present				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is	gerund			near property	tree rules
3	not is a	present	the Sun			tree rules
4	make	present		a place	warm property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset place=Product

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

Mountain tops are nearer the Sun but colder than valleys

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mountain	mountain	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 tops	compound
2	tops	top	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 nearer	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 nearer	cop
4	nearer	near	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Sun	det
6	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 nearer	obj
7	but	but	CCONJ	_	8 colder	cc
8	colder	cold	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 nearer	conj
9	than	than	ADP	_	10 valleys	case
10	valleys	valley	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 nearer	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Mountain tops					than valleys; near property	tree rules
2	be		Mountain tops not said here						tree rules

Option 2

Deserts are hot in the daytime

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Deserts	desert	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 hot	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 hot	cop
3	hot	hot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 daytime	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 daytime	det
6	daytime	daytime	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hot	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Deserts			the daytime		hot property	tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Summer is warmer than winter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 warmer	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 warmer	cop
3	warmer	warm	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
4	than	than	ADP	_	5 winter	case
5	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 warmer	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Summer				winter	warm property	tree rules

Option 4

The equator is hotter than the poles

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 equator	det
2	equator	equator	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 hotter	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 hotter	cop
4	hotter	hot	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
5	than	than	ADP	_	7 poles	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 poles	det
7	poles	pole	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 hotter	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the equator					than the poles; hot property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/50-why-the-earth-is-so/t9/