Exam question 1 · Forces — pushes, pulls, friction and magnets

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the phenomenon designated as friction?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris, designate · To what, where: phenomenon

This is exam question 1 of lesson 51 «Forces — pushes, pulls, friction and magnets» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 phenomenon	det
10	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	designated	designate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 phenomenon	acl
12	as	as	ADP	_	13 friction	case
13	friction	friction	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 designated	obl
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the phenomenon	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	designate	participle	the phenomenon not said here	as friction	vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as friction=Attribute

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

A force arising between surfaces in contact which invariably opposes their relative motion

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 force	det
2	force	force	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	arising	arise	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 force	acl
4	between	between	ADP	_	5 surfaces	case
5	surfaces	surface	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 arising	obl
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 contact	case
7	contact	contact	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 arising	obl
8	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 opposes	nsubj
9	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	10 opposes	advmod
10	opposes	oppose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 contact	acl:relcl
11	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 motion	nmod:poss
12	relative	relative	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 motion	amod
13	motion	motion	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 opposes	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	arise	gerund	a force not said here		contact	between surfaces	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme between surface=Location
2	oppose	present	contact	surfaces's relative motion		invariably property	vn amalgamate-22.2-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent motion=Patient
3	motion		surfaces = surface				nom motion «communication intransitive»: poss=agent

Option 2

A force arising between surfaces in contact which invariably assists their relative motion

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 force	det
2	force	force	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	arising	arise	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 force	acl
4	between	between	ADP	_	5 surfaces	case
5	surfaces	surface	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 arising	obl
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 contact	case
7	contact	contact	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 arising	obl
8	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 assists	nsubj
9	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	10 assists	advmod
10	assists	assist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 contact	acl:relcl
11	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 motion	nmod:poss
12	relative	relative	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 motion	amod
13	motion	motion	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 assists	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	arise	gerund	a force not said here		contact	between surfaces	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme between surface=Location
2	assist	present	contact	surfaces's relative motion		invariably property	vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent motion=Beneficiary
3	motion		surfaces = surface				nom motion «communication intransitive»: poss=agent

Option 3

A force exerted solely by magnetised bodies upon ferrous materials

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 force	det
2	force	force	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	exerted	exert	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 force	acl
4	solely	solely	ADV	_	3 exerted	advmod
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 bodies	case
6	magnetised	magnetise	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 bodies	amod
7	bodies	body	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 exerted	obl
8	upon	upon	ADP	_	10 materials	case
9	ferrous	ferrous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 materials	amod
10	materials	material	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 bodies	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exert	participle		a force not said here				by magnetised bodies upon ferrous materials; solely property	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	magnetise	participle							tree rules

Option 4

A force by which the Earth draws all bodies towards its centre

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 force	det
2	force	force	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	by	by	ADP	_	4 which	case
4	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 draws	obl
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Earth	det
6	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 draws	nsubj
7	draws	draw	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 force	acl:relcl
8	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	9 bodies	det
9	bodies	body	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 draws	obj
10	towards	towards	ADP	_	12 centre	case
11	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 centre	nmod:poss
12	centre	centre	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 draws	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	draw	present	the Earth	all bodies		Earth's centre		by a force	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent body=Theme towards centre=Destination

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/51-forces/e1/