Exam question 2 · Forces — pushes, pulls, friction and magnets

It is given that a sledge is propelled with equal force across ice and across grass. Identify the principal reason for its greater displacement upon the ice.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: give, propel, identify · To what, where: It, sledge, principal reason

This is exam question 2 of lesson 51 «Forces — pushes, pulls, friction and magnets» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that a sledge is propelled with equal force across ice and across grass.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 propelled	mark
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 sledge	det
6	sledge	sledge	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 propelled	nsubj:pass
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 propelled	aux:pass
8	propelled	propel	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 given	advcl
9	with	with	ADP	_	11 force	case
10	equal	equal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 force	amod
11	force	force	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 propelled	obl
12	across	across	ADP	_	13 ice	case
13	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 force	nmod
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 grass	cc
15	across	across	ADP	_	16 grass	case
16	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 force	conj
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	propel	present · passive		a sledge				with equal force across ice and grass	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Identify the principal reason for its greater displacement upon the ice.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	8 displacement	case
6	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 displacement	nmod:poss
7	greater	great	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	8 displacement	amod
8	displacement	displacement	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reason	nmod
9	upon	upon	ADP	_	11 ice	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 ice	det
11	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 displacement	nmod
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason				for reason's greater displacement upon the ice	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The ice exerts an attractive force upon the runners of the sledge

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 ice	det
2	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 exerts	nsubj
3	exerts	exert	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 force	det
5	attractive	attractive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 force	amod
6	force	force	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 exerts	obj
7	upon	upon	ADP	_	9 runners	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 runners	det
9	runners	runner	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 force	nmod
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 sledge	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 sledge	det
12	sledge	sledge	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 runners	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exert	present	the ice	a attractive force				upon the runners of the sledge	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent force=Theme

Option 2

The gravitational pull of the Earth is diminished above ice

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 pull	det
2	gravitational	gravitational	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 pull	amod
3	pull	pull	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 diminished	nsubj:pass
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 Earth	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Earth	det
6	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 pull	nmod
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 diminished	aux:pass
8	diminished	diminish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
9	above	above	ADP	_	10 ice	case
10	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 diminished	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	diminish	present · passive		the gravitational pull of the Earth		ice			vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient
2	pull			the Earth					nom pull «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The smoothness of the ice occasions a lesser frictional resistance

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 smoothness	det
2	smoothness	smoothness	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 occasions	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 ice	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 ice	det
5	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 smoothness	nmod
6	occasions	occasion	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 resistance	det
8	lesser	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	10 resistance	amod
9	frictional	frictional	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 resistance	amod
10	resistance	resistance	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 occasions	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	occasion	present	the smoothness of the ice	a lesser frictional resistance					tree rules

Option 4

The mass of the sledge is reduced whilst upon a frozen surface

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 mass	det
2	mass	mass	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 reduced	nsubj:pass
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 sledge	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 sledge	det
5	sledge	sledge	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 mass	nmod
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 reduced	aux:pass
7	reduced	reduce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	whilst	whilst	SCONJ	_	12 surface	case
9	upon	upon	ADP	_	8 whilst	fixed
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 surface	det
11	frozen	frozen	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 surface	amod
12	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 reduced	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reduce	present · passive		the mass of the sledge				whilst a frozen surface	vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/51-forces/e2/