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Test 1 · Forces — pushes, pulls, friction and magnets

A cyclist stops pedalling on a flat road. Why does the bicycle slowly stop?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: cyclist, bicycle · What happens: stop, pedall · To what, where: flat road

This is test 1 of lesson 51 «Forces — pushes, pulls, friction and magnets» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A cyclist stops pedalling on a flat road.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 cyclist	det
2	cyclist	cyclist	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 stops	nsubj
3	stops	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	pedalling	pedall	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 stops	xcomp
5	on	on	ADP	_	8 road	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 road	det
7	flat	flat	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 road	amod
8	road	road	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 pedalling	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 stops	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stop	present	a cyclist						vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality
2	pedall	gerund	a cyclist not said here			a flat road			tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why does the bicycle slowly stop?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	6 stop	advmod
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 stop	aux
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 bicycle	det
4	bicycle	bicycle	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 stop	nsubj
5	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	6 stop	advmod
6	stop	stop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 stop	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stop	present · do-support	the bicycle					slowly property	vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The road attracts it like a magnet

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 road	det
2	road	road	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 attracts	nsubj
3	attracts	attract	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 attracts	obj
5	like	like	ADP	_	7 magnet	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 magnet	det
7	magnet	magnet	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 attracts	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	attract	present	the road	it				like a magnet	vn lure-59.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient

Option 2

The bicycle runs out of energy inside it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 bicycle	det
2	bicycle	bicycle	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 runs	nsubj
3	runs	run	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	out	out	ADP	_	6 energy	case
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 energy	case
6	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 runs	obl
7	inside	inside	ADP	_	8 it	case
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 runs	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	run	present	the bicycle			energy		inside energy	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme out energy=Trajectory

Option 3

Gravity pulls it backwards along the road

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Gravity	gravity	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 pulls	nsubj
2	pulls	pull	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 pulls	obj
4	backwards	backwards	ADV	_	2 pulls	advmod
5	along	along	ADP	_	7 road	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 road	det
7	road	road	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 pulls	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pull	present	Gravity	it				along the road; backwards property	vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Friction and air resistance slow it down

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Friction	friction	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 slow	nsubj
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 resistance	cc
3	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 resistance	compound
4	resistance	resistance	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Friction	conj
5	slow	slow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 slow	obj
7	down	down	ADP	_	5 slow	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	slow down	infinitive	Friction and air resistance	resistance					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/51-forces/t1/