Exam question 1 · Simple machines and how they help

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the function of a simple machine?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: function

This is exam question 1 of lesson 52 «Simple machines and how they help» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 function	det
10	function	function	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	14 machine	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 machine	det
13	simple	simple	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 machine	amod
14	machine	machine	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 function	nmod
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the function of a simple machine				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It eliminates the necessity of any applied force whatsoever

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 eliminates	nsubj
2	eliminates	eliminate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 necessity	det
4	necessity	necessity	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 eliminates	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	8 force	case
6	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	8 force	det
7	applied	apply	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 force	amod
8	force	force	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 necessity	nmod
9	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	_	2 eliminates	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eliminate	present	It	the necessity of any applied force				whatsoever property	vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent necessity=Patient
2	apply	participle							vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 2

It diminishes the mass of the load to be displaced

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 diminishes	nsubj
2	diminishes	diminish	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 mass	det
4	mass	mass	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 diminishes	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 load	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 load	det
7	load	load	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 mass	nmod
8	to	to	PART	_	10 displaced	mark
9	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	10 displaced	aux:pass
10	displaced	displace	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 diminishes	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	diminish	present	It	the mass of the load					vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer mass=Patient
2	displace	to-infinitive · passive							tree rules

Option 3

It produces a greater quantity of work than is supplied to it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 produces	nsubj
2	produces	produce	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 quantity	det
4	greater	great	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 quantity	amod
5	quantity	quantity	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 produces	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 work	case
7	work	work	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 quantity	nmod
8	than	than	SCONJ	_	10 supplied	mark
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 supplied	aux:pass
10	supplied	supply	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 produces	advcl
11	to	to	ADP	_	12 it	case
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 supplied	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	produce	present	It	a greater quantity of work					vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent quantity=Result
2	supply	present · passive			work				vn fulfilling-13.4.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: to it=Recipient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It alters the magnitude or the direction of an applied force

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 alters	nsubj
2	alters	alter	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 magnitude	det
4	magnitude	magnitude	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 alters	obj
5	or	or	CCONJ	_	7 direction	cc
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 direction	det
7	direction	direction	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 magnitude	conj
8	of	of	ADP	_	11 force	case
9	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 force	det
10	applied	apply	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 force	amod
11	force	force	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 direction	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	alter	present	It	the magnitude or the direction of a applied force					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent magnitude=Patient
2	apply	participle							vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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