Exam question 2 · Simple machines and how they help
It is given that a load is raised by means of a lever. Ascertain the condition under which the least effort shall be required.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: give, raise, mean, ascertain, require · To what, where: It, load, condition, least effort
This is exam question 2 of lesson 52 «Simple machines and how they help» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: It is given that a load is raised by means of a lever.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 given | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 given | aux:pass |
| 3 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 8 raised | mark |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 load | det |
| 6 | load | load | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 raised | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 raised | aux:pass |
| 8 | raised | raise | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 given | advcl |
| 9 | by | by | ADP | _ | 10 means | case |
| 10 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 raised | conj |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 lever | case |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 lever | det |
| 13 | lever | lever | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 means | obl |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 given | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | present · passive | It | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 2 | raise | present · passive | a load | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 3 | mean | present | of a lever | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Ascertain the condition under which the least effort shall be required.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ascertain | ascertain | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 condition | det |
| 3 | condition | condition | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Ascertain | obj |
| 4 | under | under | ADP | _ | 5 which | case |
| 5 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 11 required | obl |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 effort | det |
| 7 | least | least | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 8 effort | amod |
| 8 | effort | effort | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 required | nsubj:pass |
| 9 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 11 required | aux |
| 10 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 11 required | aux:pass |
| 11 | required | require | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 condition | acl:relcl |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Ascertain | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ascertain | imperative | you not said here | the condition | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent condition=Topic | ||||
| 2 | require | shall · passive | the least effort | the condition | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Precondition |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
The effort is applied at the greatest distance from the pivot
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 effort | det |
| 2 | effort | effort | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 applied | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 applied | aux:pass |
| 4 | applied | apply | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | at | at | ADP | _ | 8 distance | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 distance | det |
| 7 | greatest | great | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 8 distance | amod |
| 8 | distance | distance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 applied | obl |
| 9 | from | from | ADP | _ | 11 pivot | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 pivot | det |
| 11 | pivot | pivot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 distance | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | apply | present · passive | the effort | at the greatest distance from the pivot | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme at distance=Destination |
Option 2
The load is positioned at the greatest distance from the pivot
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 load | det |
| 2 | load | load | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 positioned | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 positioned | aux:pass |
| 4 | positioned | position | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | at | at | ADP | _ | 8 distance | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 distance | det |
| 7 | greatest | great | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 8 distance | amod |
| 8 | distance | distance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 positioned | obl |
| 9 | from | from | ADP | _ | 11 pivot | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 pivot | det |
| 11 | pivot | pivot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 distance | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | position | present · passive | the load | at the greatest distance from the pivot | vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme at distance=Destination |
Option 3
The pivot is situated at the extremity of the bar
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 pivot | det |
| 2 | pivot | pivot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 situated | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 situated | aux:pass |
| 4 | situated | situate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | at | at | ADP | _ | 7 extremity | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 extremity | det |
| 7 | extremity | extremity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 situated | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 bar | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 bar | det |
| 10 | bar | bar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 extremity | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | situate | present · passive | the pivot | the extremity of the bar | vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme at extremity=Destination |
Option 4
The effort is applied immediately adjacent to the pivot
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 effort | det |
| 2 | effort | effort | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 applied | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 applied | aux:pass |
| 4 | applied | apply | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | immediately | immediately | ADV | _ | 6 adjacent | advmod |
| 6 | adjacent | adjacent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 applied | xcomp |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 pivot | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 pivot | det |
| 9 | pivot | pivot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 adjacent | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | apply | present · passive | the effort | adjacent property | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/52-simple-machines/e2/