Exam question 3 · Simple machines and how they help
Identify the principal advantage conferred by an inclined plane in respect of the elevation of a heavy load.
Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, confer, respect, elevate · To what, where: principal advantage, elevation, heavy load
This is exam question 3 of lesson 52 «Simple machines and how they help» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Identify | identify | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 advantage | det |
| 3 | principal | principal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 advantage | amod |
| 4 | advantage | advantage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Identify | obj |
| 5 | conferred | confer | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 advantage | acl |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 9 plane | case |
| 7 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 plane | det |
| 8 | inclined | inclined | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 plane | amod |
| 9 | plane | plane | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 conferred | obl |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 respect | case |
| 11 | respect | respect | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 plane | nmod |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 elevation | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 elevation | det |
| 14 | elevation | elevation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 respect | nmod |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 load | case |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 load | det |
| 17 | heavy | heavy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 load | amod |
| 18 | load | load | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 elevation | nmod |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Identify | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | identify | imperative | you not said here | the principal advantage | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent advantage=Theme | ||||
| 2 | confer | participle | the principal advantage not said here | by a inclined plane in respect of the elevation of a heavy load | vn chit_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | respect | the elevation of a heavy load | nom respect «cognition transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 4 | elevate | a heavy load | nom elevation «event transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1
The friction upon the load is entirely abolished
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 friction | det |
| 2 | friction | friction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 abolished | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 5 load | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 load | det |
| 5 | load | load | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 friction | nmod |
| 6 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 abolished | aux:pass |
| 7 | entirely | entirely | ADV | _ | 8 abolished | advmod |
| 8 | abolished | abolish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | abolish | present · passive | the friction upon the load | entirely property | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
Option 2
The weight of the load is permanently diminished
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 weight | det |
| 2 | weight | weight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 diminished | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 load | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 load | det |
| 5 | load | load | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 weight | nmod |
| 6 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 diminished | aux:pass |
| 7 | permanently | permanently | ADV | _ | 8 diminished | advmod |
| 8 | diminished | diminish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | diminish | present · passive | the weight of the load | permanently property | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer
A lesser force suffices, the load being conveyed along a longer path
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 force | det |
| 2 | lesser | less | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 3 force | amod |
| 3 | force | force | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 suffices | nsubj |
| 4 | suffices | suffice | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 conveyed | punct |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 load | det |
| 7 | load | load | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 conveyed | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 9 conveyed | aux:pass |
| 9 | conveyed | convey | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 suffices | conj |
| 10 | along | along | ADP | _ | 13 path | case |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 path | det |
| 12 | longer | long | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 13 path | amod |
| 13 | path | path | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 conveyed | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | suffice | present | a lesser force | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | convey | gerund · passive | the load | along a longer path | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic |
Option 4 · ← Mova's choice
The load is elevated through a shorter path with greater force
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 load | det |
| 2 | load | load | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 elevated | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 elevated | aux:pass |
| 4 | elevated | elevate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | through | through | ADP | _ | 8 path | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 path | det |
| 7 | shorter | short | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 8 path | amod |
| 8 | path | path | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 elevated | obl |
| 9 | with | with | ADP | _ | 11 force | case |
| 10 | greater | great | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 11 force | amod |
| 11 | force | force | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 path | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | elevate | present · passive | the load | a shorter path with greater force | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme through path=Destination |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/52-simple-machines/e3/