Exam question 1 · Light, shadows and colours

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the illumination of the Moon?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, illuminate · To what, where: illumination, Moon

This is exam question 1 of lesson 53 «Light, shadows and colours» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 illumination	det
10	illumination	illumination	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 Moon	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 Moon	det
13	Moon	Moon	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 illumination	nmod
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the illumination of the Moon	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	illuminate		the Moon		nom illumination «state transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The Moon reflects light received from the Earth's cities

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Moon	det
2	Moon	Moon	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 reflects	nsubj
3	reflects	reflect	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 received	nsubj
5	received	receive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 reflects	ccomp
6	from	from	ADP	_	10 cities	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Earth	det
8	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 cities	nmod:poss
9	's	's	PART	_	8 Earth	case
10	cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 received	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reflect	present	the Moon						tree rules
2	receive	past	light			the Earth's cities			vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from city=Source

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The Moon reflects light received from the Sun

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Moon	det
2	Moon	Moon	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 reflects	nsubj
3	reflects	reflect	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 received	nsubj
5	received	receive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 reflects	ccomp
6	from	from	ADP	_	8 Sun	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Sun	det
8	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 received	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reflect	present	the Moon						tree rules
2	receive	past	light			the Sun			vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from sun=Source

Option 3

The Moon emits light generated within its own interior

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Moon	det
2	Moon	Moon	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 emits	nsubj
3	emits	emit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 emits	obj
5	generated	generate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 light	acl
6	within	within	ADP	_	9 interior	case
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 interior	nmod:poss
8	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 interior	amod
9	interior	interior	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 emits	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	emit	present	the Moon	light				within Moon's own interior	vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source light=Theme
2	generate	participle		light not said here					vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.patient V PP.product»: agent=Patient

Option 4

The Moon emits light by reason of its volcanic activity

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Moon	det
2	Moon	Moon	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 emits	nsubj
3	emits	emit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 emits	obj
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 reason	case
6	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 emits	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	10 activity	case
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 activity	nmod:poss
9	volcanic	volcanic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 activity	amod
10	activity	activity	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 reason	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	emit	present	the Moon	light				by reason of Moon's volcanic activity	vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source light=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/53-light/e1/