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Test 4 · Sound — vibrations, loudness, pitch and echoes

A shout from the bottom of a canyon is heard again a moment later. Why?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: hear · To what, where: shout

This is test 4 of lesson 54 «Sound — vibrations, loudness, pitch and echoes» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A shout from the bottom of a canyon is heard again a moment later.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 shout	det
2	shout	shout	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 heard	nsubj:pass
3	from	from	ADP	_	5 bottom	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 bottom	det
5	bottom	bottom	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 shout	nmod
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 canyon	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 canyon	det
8	canyon	canyon	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 bottom	nmod
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 heard	aux:pass
10	heard	hear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
11	again	again	ADV	_	10 heard	advmod
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 moment	det
13	moment	moment	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 later	obl:unmarked
14	later	late	ADV	Degree=Cmp	10 heard	advmod
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 heard	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hear	present · passive		a shout from the bottom of a canyon			again	late property	vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	root	root
2	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 Why	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The sound bounced off the rock walls

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 sound	det
2	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	bounced	bounce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 sound	acl
4	off	off	ADP	_	7 walls	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 walls	det
6	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 walls	compound
7	walls	wall	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 bounced	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bounce off	participle	the sound not said here	the rock walls					vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wall=Agent

Option 2

Another person copied the shout

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Another	another	DET	PronType=Ind	2 person	det
2	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 copied	nsubj
3	copied	copy	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 shout	det
5	shout	shout	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 copied	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	copy	past	another person	the shout					vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shout=Theme

Option 3

Sound stops and starts again in canyons

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 stops	nsubj
2	stops	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 starts	cc
4	starts	start	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 stops	conj
5	again	again	ADV	_	4 starts	advmod
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 canyons	case
7	canyons	canyon	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 starts	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stop	present	Sound						vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
2	start	present	Sound not said here			canyons	again		vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

Option 4

The canyon made its own sound

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 canyon	det
2	canyon	canyon	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 made	nsubj
3	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 sound	nmod:poss
5	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 sound	amod
6	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 made	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	past	the canyon	canyon's own sound					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/54-sound/t4/