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Test 6 · Sound — vibrations, loudness, pitch and echoes

Whales can call to each other across many kilometres of ocean. Which fact helps explain this?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: Whales, fact · What happens: call, help, explain · To what, where: each, many kilometres, this · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 6 of lesson 54 «Sound — vibrations, loudness, pitch and echoes» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Whales can call to each other across many kilometres of ocean.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Whales	whale	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 call	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 call	aux
3	call	call	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	5 each	case
5	each	each	DET	ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp	3 call	obl
6	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 each	fixed
7	across	across	ADP	_	9 kilometres	case
8	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 kilometres	amod
9	kilometres	kilometre	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 call	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 ocean	case
11	ocean	ocean	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 kilometres	nmod
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 call	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	call	can	Whales		each	many kilometres of ocean			vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to each=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Which fact helps explain this?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	DET	PronType=Int	2 fact	det
2	fact	fact	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 helps	nsubj
3	helps	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	explain	explain	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 helps	xcomp
5	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 explain	obj
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 helps	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	help	present	which fact						vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	explain speech: assert	infinitive	which fact not said here	this					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent this=Topic

The options

Option 1

Water makes sounds silent

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 makes	nsubj
2	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	sounds	sound	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 makes	obj
4	silent	silent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 makes	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	Water	sounds				silent property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Sound travels well through water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 travels	nsubj
2	travels	travel	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	2 travels	advmod
4	through	through	ADP	_	5 water	case
5	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 travels	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	travel	present	Sound			water		well property	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through water=Trajectory

Option 3

Sound needs empty space to travel

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 needs	nsubj
2	needs	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	empty	empty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 space	amod
4	space	space	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 needs	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 travel	mark
6	travel	travel	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 needs	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	need	present	Sound	empty space					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot space=Theme
2	travel	to-infinitive	Sound not said here						vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

Sound cannot travel in water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 travel	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 travel	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 travel	advmod
4	travel	travel	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 water	case
6	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 travel	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not travel	can	Sound			water			vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in water=Trajectory

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/54-sound/t6/