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Test 8 · Energy — where it comes from and how to save it

A toy car runs on a battery until it stops. What has happened?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: toy car, car · What happens: run, stop, happen · To what, where: battery

This is test 8 of lesson 56 «Energy — where it comes from and how to save it» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A toy car runs on a battery until it stops.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 car	det
2	toy	toy	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 car	compound
3	car	car	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 runs	nsubj
4	runs	run	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	on	on	ADP	_	7 battery	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 battery	det
7	battery	battery	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 runs	obl
8	until	until	SCONJ	_	10 stops	mark
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 stops	nsubj
10	stops	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 runs	advcl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 runs	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	run	present	a toy car			a battery			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on battery=Trajectory
2	stop	present	car						vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What has happened?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 happened	nsubj
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 happened	aux
3	happened	happen	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 happened	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	present · perfect							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The wheels have stored up all of the energy inside them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 wheels	det
2	wheels	wheel	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 stored	nsubj:pass
3	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 stored	aux
4	stored	store	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	up	up	ADP	_	4 stored	compound:prt
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 stored	obj
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 energy	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 energy	det
9	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 all	nmod
10	inside	inside	ADP	_	11 them	case
11	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 all	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	store up	present · perfect · passive		the wheels					tree rules

Option 2

The battery has turned into coal

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 battery	det
2	battery	battery	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 turned	nsubj:pass
3	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 turned	aux
4	turned	turn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	into	into	ADP	_	6 coal	case
6	coal	coal	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 turned	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	present · perfect · passive		the battery		coal			vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: subject=Theme into coal=Trajectory

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The chemical energy in the battery has been used

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 energy	det
2	chemical	chemical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 energy	amod
3	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 used	nsubj:pass
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 battery	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 battery	det
6	battery	battery	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 energy	nmod
7	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 used	aux
8	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	9 used	aux:pass
9	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	present · perfect · passive		the chemical energy in the battery					vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Option 4

The car has become too heavy

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 car	det
2	car	car	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 become	nsubj
3	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 become	aux
4	become	become	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	too	too	ADV	_	6 heavy	advmod
6	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 become	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	become	present · perfect	the car					heavy property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/56-energy/t8/