Test 5 · ★★★ · Thinking it through — forces, heat, light and energy

Why do polar bears' thick fur and fat help them survive the Arctic?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: polar bears, fur · What happens: do, help, survive · To what, where: fur, Arctic

This is test 5 · ★★★ of lesson 60 «Thinking it through — forces, heat, light and energy» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	2 do	advmod
2	do	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 help	advcl
3	polar	polar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 bears	amod
4	bears	bear	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 help	nsubj
5	'	's	PART	_	4 bears	case
6	thick	thick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 fur	amod
7	fur	fur	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 help	nsubj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 fat	cc
9	fat	fat	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 fur	conj
10	help	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 help	obj
12	survive	survive	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 help	xcomp
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 Arctic	det
14	Arctic	Arctic	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 survive	obj
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	10 help	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	do	present	polar bears not said here		vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	help	present	polar bears	fur	vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary clause=Theme
3	survive	infinitive	fur not said here	the Arctic	vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme arctic=Circumstance

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

They reflect the cold back into the air before it reaches the skin

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 reflect	nsubj
2	reflect	reflect	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 cold	det
4	cold	cold	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 reflect	obj
5	back	back	ADV	_	2 reflect	advmod
6	into	into	ADP	_	8 air	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 air	det
8	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 reflect	obl
9	before	before	SCONJ	_	11 reaches	mark
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 reaches	nsubj
11	reaches	reach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 reflect	advcl
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 skin	det
13	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 reaches	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reflect back	present	They	the cold		the air			tree rules
2	reach	present	cold	the skin					vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent skin=Theme

Option 2

They make heat from the snow that sticks to the bears' coats

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 make	nsubj
2	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 make	obj
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 snow	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 snow	det
6	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 make	obl
7	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 sticks	nsubj
8	sticks	stick	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 snow	acl:relcl
9	to	to	ADP	_	13 coats	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 bears	det
11	bears	bear	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 coats	nmod:poss
12	'	's	PART	_	11 bears	case
13	coats	coat	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 sticks	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	They	heat		the snow			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset heat=Product from snow=Material
2	stick	present	the snow					to the bears's coats	vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent to coat=Co-Patient

Option 3

They let the cold flow quickly into the body to toughen it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 let	nsubj
2	let	let	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 flow	det
4	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 flow	amod
5	flow	flow	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 let	obj
6	quickly	quickly	ADV	_	2 let	advmod
7	into	into	ADP	_	9 body	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 body	det
9	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 let	obl
10	to	to	PART	_	11 toughen	mark
11	toughen	toughen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 let	advcl
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 toughen	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	let	past	They	the cold flow		the body		quickly property	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flow=Theme
2	toughen	to-infinitive	They not said here	flow					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

They trap heat in and slow down its escape into the cold

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 trap	nsubj
2	trap	trap	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 trap	obj
4	in	in	ADP	_	2 trap	compound:prt
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 slow	cc
6	slow	slow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 trap	conj
7	down	down	ADP	_	6 slow	compound:prt
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 escape	nmod:poss
9	escape	escape	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 slow	obj
10	into	into	ADP	_	12 cold	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 cold	det
12	cold	cold	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 slow	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	trap in	present	They	heat		vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Patient
2	slow down	infinitive	They not said here	heat's escape	the cold	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent escape=Patient
3	escape		heat			nom escape «act intransitive»: poss=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/60-reasoning-energy-technology/t5/