Exam question 3 · Rocks, minerals and fossils
It is given that the layers of sedimentary rock have not been overturned. Ascertain which layers are in general the oldest.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, layers · What happens: give, not overturn, ascertain, be · To what, where: It, layers
This is exam question 3 of lesson 61 «Rocks, minerals and fossils» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: It is given that the layers of sedimentary rock have not been overturned.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 given | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 given | aux:pass |
| 3 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 13 overturned | mark |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 layers | det |
| 6 | layers | layer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 overturned | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 rock | case |
| 8 | sedimentary | sedimentary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 rock | amod |
| 9 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 layers | nmod |
| 10 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 overturned | aux |
| 11 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 13 overturned | advmod |
| 12 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 13 overturned | aux:pass |
| 13 | overturned | overturn | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 given | advcl |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 given | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | present · passive | It | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 2 | not overturn | present · perfect · passive | the layers of sedimentary rock | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Ascertain which layers are in general the oldest.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ascertain | ascertain | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | which | which | DET | PronType=Int | 3 layers | det |
| 3 | layers | layer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 general | nsubj |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 general | cop |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 general | case |
| 6 | general | general | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 1 Ascertain | ccomp |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 oldest | det |
| 8 | oldest | old | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 6 general | obl |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Ascertain | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ascertain | imperative | you not said here | vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | is | present | which layers | the oldest obl; general property | tree rules |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
The lowest layers
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 layers | det |
| 2 | lowest | low | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 3 layers | amod |
| 3 | layers | layer | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 2
The middle layers
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 layers | det |
| 2 | middle | middle | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 layers | amod |
| 3 | layers | layer | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 3
All layers are of equal age
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | All | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 2 layers | det |
| 2 | layers | layer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 age | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 age | cop |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 age | case |
| 5 | equal | equal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 age | amod |
| 6 | age | age | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | all layers | of equal age | tree rules |
Option 4
The uppermost layers
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 layers | det |
| 2 | uppermost | uppermost | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 layers | amod |
| 3 | layers | layer | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/61-rocks-minerals-fossils/e3/