Exam question 2 · Rocks, minerals and fossils

Identify the type of rock in which fossils are most commonly found, together with the reason therefor.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, fossils · What happens: identify, be, type · To what, where: type, commonly found, rock

This is exam question 2 of lesson 61 «Rocks, minerals and fossils» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 type	det
3	type	type	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 rock	case
5	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 type	nmod
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 which	case
7	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	8 fossils	det
8	fossils	fossil	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 found	nsubj
9	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 found	cop
10	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	11 commonly	advmod
11	commonly	commonly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 found	amod
12	found	found	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 rock	acl:relcl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 together	punct
14	together	together	ADV	_	1 Identify	advmod
15	with	with	ADP	_	18 therefor	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 therefor	det
17	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 therefor	compound
18	therefor	therefor	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obl
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the type of rock	with the reason therefor; together property	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent type=Theme
2	is a	present	which fossils	commonly found		tree rules
3	type			rock		nom type «cognition transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

Sedimentary rock, since living things are buried in mud and sand

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sedimentary	sedimentary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 rock	amod
2	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 buried	punct
4	since	since	SCONJ	_	8 buried	mark
5	living	live	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 things	amod
6	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 buried	nsubj:pass
7	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 buried	aux:pass
8	buried	bury	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 rock	acl:relcl
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 mud	case
10	mud	mud	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 buried	obl
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 sand	cc
12	sand	sand	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 mud	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	live	gerund							vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	bury	present · passive	Sedimentary rock not said here	living things		mud and sand			vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in mud=Destination

Option 2

Metamorphic rock, since great heat and pressure keep the remains safe

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Metamorphic	metamorphic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 rock	amod
2	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 keep	nsubj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 heat	punct
4	since	since	ADP	_	6 heat	case
5	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 heat	amod
6	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 rock	conj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 pressure	cc
8	pressure	pressure	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 heat	conj
9	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 remains	det
11	remains	remains	NOUN	Number=Ptan	9 keep	obj
12	safe	safe	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 keep	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	present	Metamorphic rock and great heat and pressure	the remains				safe property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent remains=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Igneous rock, since it forms beneath the sea

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Igneous	igneous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 rock	amod
2	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 forms	nsubj:outer
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 forms	punct
4	since	since	SCONJ	_	6 forms	mark
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 forms	nsubj
6	forms	form	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	9 sea	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 sea	det
9	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 forms	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	form	present	Igneous rock			the sea			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme beneath sea=Location

Option 4

Igneous rock, since lava preserves living things

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Igneous	igneous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 rock	amod
2	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 preserves	punct
4	since	since	ADP	_	6 preserves	case
5	lava	lava	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 preserves	compound
6	preserves	preserve	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 rock	conj
7	living	live	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 preserves	acl
8	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 living	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	live	gerund	lava preserves not said here	things					vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme thing=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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