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Test 2 · ★ · Volcanoes and earthquakes up close

Lava in Hawaii flows like a slow red river, but Mount St Helens blew its top off. Why the difference?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Lava, Helens · What happens: flow, blow off · To what, where: top

This is test 2 · ★ of lesson 62 «Volcanoes and earthquakes up close» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Lava in Hawaii flows like a slow red river, but Mount St Helens blew its top off.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Lava	lava	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 flows	nsubj
2	in	in	ADP	_	3 Hawaii	case
3	Hawaii	Hawaii	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Lava	nmod
4	flows	flow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	like	like	ADP	_	9 river	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 river	det
7	slow	slow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 river	amod
8	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 river	amod
9	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 flows	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 blew	punct
11	but	but	CCONJ	_	15 blew	cc
12	Mount	Mount	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 St	compound
13	St	St	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 Helens	nmod:desc
14	Helens	Helens	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 blew	nsubj
15	blew	blow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 flows	conj
16	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	17 top	nmod:poss
17	top	top	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 blew	obj
18	off	off	ADP	_	15 blew	compound:prt
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 flows	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	flow	present	Lava in Hawaii					like a slow red river	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	blow off	past	Helens Mount St	Lava's top					vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent top=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why the difference?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Rel	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 difference	det
3	difference	difference	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Why	nsubj
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 Why	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

The options

Option 1

The other volcano had water instead of lava

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 volcano	det
2	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 volcano	amod
3	volcano	volcano	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 had	nsubj
4	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 had	obj
6	instead	instead	ADV	ExtPos=ADP	8 lava	case
7	of	of	ADP	_	6 instead	fixed
8	lava	lava	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 had	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	the other volcano	water				instead lava	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Hawaii's lava is runny and lets gas escape; the other magma was sticky and trapped it

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hawaii	Hawaii	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 lava	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Hawaii	case
3	lava	lava	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 runny	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 runny	cop
5	runny	runny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 lets	cc
7	lets	let	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 runny	conj
8	gas	gas	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 escape	compound
9	escape	escape	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 lets	xcomp
10	;	;	PUNCT	_	15 sticky	punct
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 magma	det
12	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 magma	amod
13	magma	magma	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 sticky	nsubj
14	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 sticky	cop
15	sticky	sticky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 runny	conj
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 trapped	cc
17	trapped	trap	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	15 sticky	conj
18	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 trapped	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Hawaii's lava					runny property	tree rules
2	let	present	Hawaii's lava not said here						tree rules
3	escape	infinitive	Hawaii's lava not said here						vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	is	past	the other magma					sticky property	tree rules
5	trap	participle	the other magma not said here	magma					vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Hawaii's lava is cold and the other was hot

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hawaii	Hawaii	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 lava	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Hawaii	case
3	lava	lava	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 cold	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 cold	cop
5	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 other	cc
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 other	det
8	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 cold	conj
9	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 hot	cop
10	hot	hot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 cold	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Hawaii's lava					cold property	tree rules
2	be		Hawaii's lava not said here						tree rules
3	is	past	Hawaii's lava not said here					hot property	tree rules

Option 4

Hawaii's volcano is much smaller and weaker

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hawaii	Hawaii	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 volcano	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Hawaii	case
3	volcano	volcano	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 smaller	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 smaller	cop
5	much	much	ADV	_	6 smaller	advmod
6	smaller	small	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 weaker	cc
8	weaker	weak	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 smaller	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Hawaii's volcano					small property	tree rules
2	be		Hawaii's volcano not said here						tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/62-volcanoes-and-earthquakes/t2/