Test 9 · ★★ · Glaciers, ice ages and polar lands
A ship's captain sees a small iceberg ahead. Why must he steer far around it?
Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: captain · What happens: see, steer · To what, where: small iceberg, ship
This is test 9 · ★★ of lesson 65 «Glaciers, ice ages and polar lands» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: A ship's captain sees a small iceberg ahead.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 ship | det |
| 2 | ship | ship | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 captain | nmod:poss |
| 3 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 2 ship | case |
| 4 | captain | captain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 sees | nsubj |
| 5 | sees | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 iceberg | det |
| 7 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 iceberg | amod |
| 8 | iceberg | iceberg | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 sees | obj |
| 9 | ahead | ahead | ADV | _ | 5 sees | advmod |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 sees | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | present | a ship's captain | a small iceberg | ahead property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer iceberg=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Why must he steer far around it?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 steer | advmod |
| 2 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 steer | aux |
| 3 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 steer | nsubj |
| 4 | steer | steer | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 4 steer | advmod |
| 6 | around | around | ADP | _ | 7 it | case |
| 7 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 steer | obl |
| 8 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 steer | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | steer | must | captain | ship | far property | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent around it=Destination |
The options
Option 1
Icebergs pull ships towards them like magnets
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Icebergs | iceberg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 pull | nsubj |
| 2 | pull | pull | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | ships | ship | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 pull | obj |
| 4 | towards | towards | ADP | _ | 5 them | case |
| 5 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 pull | obl |
| 6 | like | like | ADP | _ | 7 magnets | case |
| 7 | magnets | magnet | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 pull | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pull | present | Icebergs | ships | towards ships = ship; like magnets | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent ship=Theme towards they=Destination |
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer
Most of the iceberg is hidden under the water
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 6 hidden | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 iceberg | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 iceberg | det |
| 4 | iceberg | iceberg | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Most | nmod |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 hidden | aux:pass |
| 6 | hidden | hide | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 7 | under | under | ADP | _ | 9 water | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 water | det |
| 9 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 hidden | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hide | present · passive | Most of the iceberg | the water | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Patient under water=Location |
Option 3
Icebergs give off a poisonous gas as they melt
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Icebergs | iceberg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 give | nsubj |
| 2 | give | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | off | off | ADP | _ | 2 give | compound:prt |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 gas | det |
| 5 | poisonous | poisonous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 gas | amod |
| 6 | gas | gas | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 give | obj |
| 7 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 9 melt | mark |
| 8 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 melt | nsubj |
| 9 | melt | melt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 give | advcl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give off | present | Icebergs | a poisonous gas | vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source gas=Theme | ||||
| 2 | melt | present | Icebergs = iceberg | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
Option 4 · ← Mova's choice
Icebergs move much faster than ships can steer away
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Icebergs | iceberg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 move | nsubj |
| 2 | move | move | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | much | much | ADV | _ | 4 faster | advmod |
| 4 | faster | fast | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 2 move | advmod |
| 5 | than | than | SCONJ | _ | 8 steer | mark |
| 6 | ships | ship | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 steer | nsubj |
| 7 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 8 steer | aux |
| 8 | steer | steer | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 faster | advcl |
| 9 | away | away | ADV | _ | 8 steer | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | move | present | Icebergs | fast property | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | steer away | can | ships | away property | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/65-glaciers-ice-ages-polar-lands/t9/