Test 11 · ★ · Clouds, rain, snow and hail
big tall dark clouds coming, what's that gonna be
Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: big tall dark clouds · What happens: come, be
This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 67 «Clouds, rain, snow and hail» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 clouds | amod |
| 2 | tall | tall | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 clouds | amod |
| 3 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 clouds | amod |
| 4 | clouds | cloud | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 5 | coming | come | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 clouds | acl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 what | punct |
| 7 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 4 clouds | parataxis |
| 8 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 gonna | cop |
| 9 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 10 gonna | nsubj |
| 10 | gonna | gonna | X | Foreign=Yes | 7 what | appos |
| 11 | be | be | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 gonna | xcomp |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | gerund | big tall dark clouds not said here | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | be | infinitive | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ✓ the right answer
A cumulonimbus storm cloud with heavy rain, maybe thunder and hail
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 cloud | det |
| 2 | cumulonimbus | cumulonimbus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 cloud | compound |
| 3 | storm | storm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 cloud | compound |
| 4 | cloud | cloud | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | with | with | ADP | _ | 7 rain | case |
| 6 | heavy | heavy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 rain | amod |
| 7 | rain | rain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 cloud | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 thunder | punct |
| 9 | maybe | maybe | ADV | _ | 10 thunder | advmod |
| 10 | thunder | thunder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 cloud | conj |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 hail | cc |
| 12 | hail | hail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 cloud | conj |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 2
A cirrus cloud bringing fine weather
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 cloud | det |
| 2 | cirrus | cirrus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 cloud | compound |
| 3 | cloud | cloud | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | bringing | bring | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 cloud | acl |
| 5 | fine | fine | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 weather | amod |
| 6 | weather | weather | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 bringing | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bring | gerund | a cirrus cloud not said here | fine weather | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent weather=Theme |
Option 3
A stratus cloud bringing a light breeze
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 cloud | det |
| 2 | stratus | stratus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 cloud | compound |
| 3 | cloud | cloud | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | bringing | bring | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 cloud | acl |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 breeze | det |
| 6 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 breeze | compound |
| 7 | breeze | breeze | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 bringing | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bring | gerund | a stratus cloud not said here | a light breeze | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent breeze=Theme |
Option 4 · ← Mova's choice
A cumulus cloud bringing a clear sunny day
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 cloud | det |
| 2 | cumulus | cumulus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 cloud | compound |
| 3 | cloud | cloud | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | bringing | bring | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 cloud | acl |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 day | det |
| 6 | clear | clear | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 day | amod |
| 7 | sunny | sunny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 day | amod |
| 8 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 bringing | obl:unmarked |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bring | gerund | a cumulus cloud not said here | day | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/67-clouds-rain-snow-hail/t11/