Test 12 · ★ · Clouds, rain, snow and hail

Leo says clouds are made of water vapour like steam. true?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Leo · What happens: say, make · To what, where: clouds · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 12 · ★ of lesson 67 «Clouds, rain, snow and hail» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Leo	Leo	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	clouds	cloud	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 made	nsubj:pass
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 made	aux:pass
5	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 says	ccomp
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 vapour	case
7	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 vapour	compound
8	vapour	vapour	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 made	obl
9	like	like	ADP	_	10 steam	case
10	steam	steam	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 vapour	nmod
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 made	punct
12	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 made	xcomp
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Leo						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	make	present · passive		clouds				of water vapour like steam; true property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

No, clouds are made of smoke and dust

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	5 made	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	clouds	cloud	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 made	nsubj:pass
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 made	aux:pass
5	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 smoke	case
7	smoke	smoke	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 made	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 dust	cc
9	dust	dust	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 smoke	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present · passive		clouds				of smoke and dust	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

No, clouds are tiny water droplets or ice crystals

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	7 droplets	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	clouds	cloud	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 droplets	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 droplets	cop
5	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 droplets	amod
6	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 droplets	compound
7	droplets	droplet	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
8	or	or	CCONJ	_	10 crystals	cc
9	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 crystals	compound
10	crystals	crystal	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 droplets	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	clouds	tiny water droplets or ice crystals					tree rules

Option 3

Yes, clouds are steam rising off the sea

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	5 steam	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	clouds	cloud	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 steam	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 steam	cop
5	steam	steam	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	rising	rise	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 steam	acl
7	off	off	ADP	_	9 sea	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 sea	det
9	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 rising	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	clouds	steam					tree rules
2	rise	gerund	steam not said here			the sea			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme off sea=Initial_Location

Option 4

Yes, clouds are pure water vapour floating high up in the sky

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	7 vapour	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	clouds	cloud	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 vapour	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 vapour	cop
5	pure	pure	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 vapour	amod
6	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 vapour	compound
7	vapour	vapour	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	floating	float	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 vapour	acl
9	high	high	ADV	Degree=Pos	10 up	advmod
10	up	up	ADV	_	8 floating	advmod
11	in	in	ADP	_	13 sky	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 sky	det
13	sky	sky	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 floating	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	clouds	pure water vapour					tree rules
2	float	gerund	pure water vapour not said here			the sky			vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sky=Trajectory

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/67-clouds-rain-snow-hail/t12/