Test 13 · ★ · Clouds, rain, snow and hail
my brother said hail is just frozen rain falling once. right?
Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: brother, rain · What happens: say, freeze, fall · To what, where: hail · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 13 · ★ of lesson 67 «Clouds, rain, snow and hail» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 brother | nmod:poss |
| 2 | brother | brother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 said | nsubj |
| 3 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | hail | hail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 frozen | nsubj:pass |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 frozen | aux:pass |
| 6 | just | just | ADV | _ | 7 frozen | advmod |
| 7 | frozen | freeze | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 said | ccomp |
| 8 | rain | rain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 frozen | obj |
| 9 | falling | fall | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 8 rain | acl |
| 10 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 9 falling | advmod |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 said | punct |
| 12 | right | right | INTJ | _ | 3 said | discourse |
| 13 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 said | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | my brother | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | freeze | present · passive | hail | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | fall | gerund | rain not said here | once property | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1
No, hail is ice that falls from high cirrus clouds
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 5 ice | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 No | punct |
| 3 | hail | hail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 ice | nsubj |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 ice | cop |
| 5 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 falls | nsubj |
| 7 | falls | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 ice | acl:relcl |
| 8 | from | from | ADP | _ | 11 clouds | case |
| 9 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 clouds | amod |
| 10 | cirrus | cirrus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 clouds | compound |
| 11 | clouds | cloud | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 falls | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | hail | ice | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | fall | present | ice | high cirrus clouds | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from cloud=Initial_Location |
Option 2 · ← Mova's choice
Yes, hail is rain that froze on the way down
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 3 hail | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Yes | punct |
| 3 | hail | hail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 rain | nsubj |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 rain | cop |
| 5 | rain | rain | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 froze | nsubj |
| 7 | froze | freeze | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 rain | acl:relcl |
| 8 | on | on | ADP | _ | 10 way | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 way | det |
| 10 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 froze | obl |
| 11 | down | down | ADV | _ | 7 froze | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | hail | rain | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | freeze | past | rain | the way | down property | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer
No, hail gets ice layers as winds carry it up and down in a storm cloud
The tree, 16 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 4 gets | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 No | punct |
| 3 | hail | hail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 gets | nsubj |
| 4 | gets | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 layers | compound |
| 6 | layers | layer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 gets | obj |
| 7 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 9 carry | mark |
| 8 | winds | wind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 carry | nsubj |
| 9 | carry | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 gets | advcl |
| 10 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 carry | obj |
| 11 | up | up | ADP | _ | 9 carry | compound:prt |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 down | cc |
| 13 | down | down | ADV | _ | 11 up | conj |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 cloud | case |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 cloud | det |
| 16 | storm | storm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 cloud | compound |
| 17 | cloud | cloud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 carry | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | get | present | hail | ice layers | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer layer=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | carry up | present | winds | hail | a storm cloud | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent it=Value in cloud=Location |
Option 4
Yes, hail is snow that was squeezed into balls
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 5 snow | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Yes | punct |
| 3 | hail | hail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 snow | nsubj |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 snow | cop |
| 5 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 8 squeezed | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 squeezed | aux:pass |
| 8 | squeezed | squeeze | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 snow | acl:relcl |
| 9 | into | into | ADP | _ | 10 balls | case |
| 10 | balls | ball | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 squeezed | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | hail | snow | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | squeeze | past · passive | snow | balls | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: subject=Material into ball=Product |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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