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Test 4 · ★ · Clouds, rain, snow and hail

After a clear calm night, the grass is white with ice, but after a cloudy night it is only wet. Why?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: grass · What happens: be

This is test 4 · ★ of lesson 67 «Clouds, rain, snow and hail» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: After a clear calm night, the grass is white with ice, but after a cloudy night it is only wet.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	After	after	ADP	_	5 night	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 night	det
3	clear	clear	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 night	amod
4	calm	calm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 night	amod
5	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 white	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 night	punct
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 grass	det
8	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 white	nsubj
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 white	cop
10	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
11	with	with	ADP	_	12 ice	case
12	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 white	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 wet	punct
14	but	but	CCONJ	_	22 wet	cc
15	after	after	ADP	_	18 night	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 night	det
17	cloudy	cloudy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 night	amod
18	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 wet	obl
19	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 wet	nsubj
20	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 wet	cop
21	only	only	ADV	_	22 wet	advmod
22	wet	wet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 white	conj
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 white	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the grass				night	with ice; white property	tree rules
2	is	present	grass				night	wet property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	root	root
2	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 Why	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Without clouds the ground lost more heat and fell below freezing

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Without	without	ADP	_	2 clouds	case
2	clouds	cloud	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 lost	obl
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 ground	det
4	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 lost	nsubj
5	lost	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	7 heat	amod
7	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 lost	obj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 fell	cc
9	fell	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 lost	conj
10	below	below	ADP	_	11 freezing	case
11	freezing	freezing	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 fell	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lose	past	the ground	more heat				without clouds	vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Eventuality
2	fall	past	the ground not said here			freezing			vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme below freezing=Location

Option 2

The Moon freezes the grass on clear nights when there is no cloud to hide it

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Moon	det
2	Moon	Moon	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 freezes	nsubj
3	freezes	freeze	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 grass	det
5	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 freezes	obj
6	on	on	ADP	_	8 nights	case
7	clear	clear	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 nights	amod
8	nights	night	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 freezes	obl
9	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	11 is	advmod
10	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	11 is	expl
11	is	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 freezes	advcl
12	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	13 cloud	det
13	cloud	cloud	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 is	nsubj
14	to	to	PART	_	15 hide	mark
15	hide	hide	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 cloud	acl
16	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 hide	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	freeze	present	the Moon	the grass			night		vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient grass=Result
2	be	present	no cloud			there			vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	hide	to-infinitive	no cloud not said here	cloud					vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient

Option 3

Clouds bring ice to the grass

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Clouds	cloud	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 bring	nsubj
2	bring	bring	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bring	obj
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 grass	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 grass	det
6	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bring	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bring	present	Clouds	ice		the grass			vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent ice=Theme to grass=Destination

Option 4

Cloudy nights are always colder

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cloudy	cloudy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 nights	amod
2	nights	night	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 colder	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 colder	cop
4	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	5 colder	advmod
5	colder	cold	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Cloudy nights					always, cold property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/67-clouds-rain-snow-hail/t4/