Test 12 · Stars, planets and constellations in the night sky

Ava says a shooting star is a star falling down. true?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: Ava, shooting star, star · What happens: say, be, fall down · To what, where: star · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 12 of lesson 70 «Stars, planets and constellations in the night sky» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ava	Ava	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 star	det
4	shooting	shooting	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 star	compound
5	star	star	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 star	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 star	cop
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 star	det
8	star	star	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 says	ccomp
9	falling	fall	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 star	acl
10	down	down	ADV	_	9 falling	advmod
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 star	punct
12	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 says	xcomp
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Ava		true property	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is a	present	a shooting star	a star		tree rules
3	fall down	gerund	a star not said here		down property	vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Yes, it is a small star dropping out of the sky

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	7 star	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 star	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 star	cop
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 star	det
6	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 star	amod
7	star	star	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	dropping	drop	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 star	acl
9	out	out	ADP	_	12 sky	case
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 sky	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 sky	det
12	sky	sky	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 dropping	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	it	a small star					tree rules
2	drop out	gerund	a small star not said here	the sky					vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sky=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

No, it is a speck of space rock burning up in the air

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	6 speck	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 speck	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 speck	cop
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 speck	det
6	speck	speck	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 rock	case
8	space	space	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 rock	compound
9	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 speck	nmod
10	burning	burn	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 speck	acl
11	up	up	ADP	_	10 burning	compound:prt
12	in	in	ADP	_	14 air	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 air	det
14	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 burning	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	it	a speck				of space rock	tree rules
2	burn up	gerund	a speck not said here			the air			vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in air=Location

Option 3

No, it is a planet moving very fast

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	6 planet	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 planet	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 planet	cop
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 planet	det
6	planet	planet	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	moving	move	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 planet	acl
8	very	very	ADV	_	9 fast	advmod
9	fast	fast	ADV	Degree=Pos	7 moving	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	it	a planet					tree rules
2	move	gerund	a planet not said here					fast property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

Yes, but it burns out before it reaches us

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	5 burns	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 burns	punct
3	but	but	CCONJ	_	5 burns	cc
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 burns	nsubj
5	burns	burn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	out	out	ADP	_	5 burns	compound:prt
7	before	before	SCONJ	_	9 reaches	mark
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 reaches	nsubj
9	reaches	reach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 burns	advcl
10	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	9 reaches	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	burn out	present	it						vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	reach	present	it	us					vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent we=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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