Test 13 · Stars, planets and constellations in the night sky

my sister reckons the stars in a constellation are all close together. right?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: sister, stars · What happens: reckon, be

This is test 13 of lesson 70 «Stars, planets and constellations in the night sky» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 sister	nmod:poss
2	sister	sister	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 reckons	nsubj
3	reckons	reckon	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 stars	det
5	stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 close	nsubj
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 constellation	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 constellation	det
8	constellation	constellation	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 stars	nmod
9	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 close	cop
10	all	all	ADV	_	11 close	advmod
11	close	close	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 reckons	ccomp
12	together	together	ADV	_	11 close	advmod
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 reckons	punct
14	right	right	INTJ	_	3 reckons	discourse
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 reckons	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reckon	present	my sister						vn consider-29.9-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	the stars in a constellation					all, close, together property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

No, they are usually at very different distances from us

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	9 distances	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 distances	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 distances	cop
5	usually	usually	ADV	_	9 distances	advmod
6	at	at	ADP	_	9 distances	case
7	very	very	ADV	_	8 different	advmod
8	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 distances	amod
9	distances	distance	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
10	from	from	ADP	_	11 us	case
11	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	9 distances	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	they					at different distances; from us; usually property	tree rules

Option 2

Yes, they sit side by side in a small group, close together

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	4 sit	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 sit	nsubj
4	sit	sit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	side	side	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sit	obl
6	by	by	ADP	_	7 side	case
7	side	side	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 side	nmod
8	in	in	ADP	_	11 group	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 group	det
10	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 group	amod
11	group	group	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sit	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 close	punct
13	close	close	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 sit	conj
14	together	together	ADV	_	13 close	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sit	present	they	side by side		a small group			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in group=Location
2	close	infinitive	they not said here					together property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 3

Yes, they are held together by a cloud of gas

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	5 held	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 held	nsubj:pass
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 held	aux:pass
5	held	hold	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	together	together	ADV	_	5 held	advmod
7	by	by	ADP	_	9 cloud	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 cloud	det
9	cloud	cloud	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 held	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 gas	case
11	gas	gas	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 cloud	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold together	present · passive	a cloud of gas	they				together property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
2	cloud			gas					nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

No, they are all at exactly the same distance

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	10 distance	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 distance	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 distance	cop
5	all	all	ADV	_	10 distance	advmod
6	at	at	ADP	_	10 distance	case
7	exactly	exactly	ADV	_	10 distance	advmod
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 distance	det
9	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 distance	amod
10	distance	distance	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	they					at the same distance; all, exactly property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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