Exam question 1 · Rockets, satellites and astronauts

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the propulsion of a rocket?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris, propel · To what, where: propulsion, rocket

This is exam question 1 of lesson 71 «Rockets, satellites and astronauts» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 propulsion	det
10	propulsion	propulsion	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 rocket	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 rocket	det
13	rocket	rocket	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 propulsion	nmod
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the propulsion of a rocket	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	propel		a rocket		nom propulsion «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It is lifted by wings as an aeroplane is lifted

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 lifted	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 lifted	aux:pass
3	lifted	lift	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 wings	case
5	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 lifted	obl
6	as	as	SCONJ	_	10 lifted	mark
7	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 aeroplane	det
8	aeroplane	aeroplane	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 lifted	nsubj:pass
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 lifted	aux:pass
10	lifted	lift	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 lifted	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lift	present · passive	wings	It					vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
2	lift	present · passive		a aeroplane					vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It pushes hot gas backwards, and the gas pushes the rocket forwards

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 pushes	nsubj
2	pushes	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	hot	hot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 gas	amod
4	gas	gas	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 pushes	obj
5	backwards	backwards	ADV	_	2 pushes	advmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 pushes	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 pushes	cc
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 gas	det
9	gas	gas	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 pushes	nsubj
10	pushes	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 pushes	conj
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 rocket	det
12	rocket	rocket	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 pushes	obj
13	forwards	forwards	ADV	_	10 pushes	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	push	present	It	hot gas				backwards property	vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gas=Theme
2	push	present	the gas	the rocket				forwards property	vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rocket=Theme

Option 3

It is drawn upwards by the gravity of the Moon

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 drawn	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 drawn	aux:pass
3	drawn	draw	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	upwards	upwards	ADV	_	3 drawn	advmod
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 gravity	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 gravity	det
7	gravity	gravity	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 drawn	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 Moon	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 Moon	det
10	Moon	Moon	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 gravity	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	draw	present · passive	the gravity of the Moon	It				upwards property	vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme

Option 4

It pushes against the air beneath it, which lifts it upwards

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 pushes	nsubj
2	pushes	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	against	against	ADP	_	5 air	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 air	det
5	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 pushes	obl
6	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	7 it	case
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 pushes	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 lifts	punct
9	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 lifts	nsubj
10	lifts	lift	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 pushes	conj
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 lifts	obj
12	upwards	upwards	ADV	_	10 lifts	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	push	present	It					against the air; beneath air	vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent against air=Theme
2	lift	present		air				upwards property	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/71-rockets-satellites-astronauts/e1/