Test 13 · Insects and spiders

my cousin reckons insects breathe with tiny lungs. right?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: cousin, insects · What happens: reckon, breathe

This is test 13 of lesson 72 «Insects and spiders» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 cousin	nmod:poss
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 reckons	nsubj
3	reckons	reckon	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 breathe	nsubj
5	breathe	breathe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 reckons	ccomp
6	with	with	ADP	_	8 lungs	case
7	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 lungs	amod
8	lungs	lung	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 breathe	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 reckons	punct
10	right	right	INTJ	_	3 reckons	discourse
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 reckons	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reckon	present	my cousin						vn consider-29.9-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	breathe	present	insects					with tiny lungs	vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

No, insects breathe only through their antennae

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	4 breathe	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 breathe	nsubj
4	breathe	breathe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	only	only	ADV	_	8 antennae	advmod
6	through	through	ADP	_	8 antennae	case
7	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 antennae	nmod:poss
8	antennae	antennae	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 breathe	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	breathe	present	insects	insects's antennae					vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent antennae=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

No, insects breathe through tiny holes along their bodies

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	4 breathe	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 breathe	nsubj
4	breathe	breathe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	through	through	ADP	_	7 holes	case
6	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 holes	amod
7	holes	hole	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 breathe	obl
8	along	along	ADP	_	10 bodies	case
9	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 bodies	nmod:poss
10	bodies	body	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 breathe	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	breathe	present	insects			tiny holes		along insects's bodies	vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

Yes, but only insects that can fly

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	5 insects	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	but	but	CCONJ	_	5 insects	cc
4	only	only	ADV	_	5 insects	advmod
5	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
6	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 fly	nsubj
7	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 fly	aux
8	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 insects	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fly	can	insects						vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

Yes, every insect has two very small lungs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	5 has	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 has	punct
3	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	4 insect	det
4	insect	insect	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 has	nsubj
5	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 lungs	nummod
7	very	very	ADV	_	8 small	advmod
8	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 lungs	amod
9	lungs	lung	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 has	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	every insect	two small lungs					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lung=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/72-insects-and-spiders/t13/