Exam question 1 · Birds: feathers, nests and flight
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the material of which feathers are composed?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, compose · To what, where: material, feathers
This is exam question 1 of lesson 73 «Birds: feathers, nests and flight» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 8 characterises | nsubj |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 statements | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 statements | det |
| 4 | following | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 5 statements | amod |
| 5 | statements | statement | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 characterises | obl |
| 6 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 7 accurately | advmod |
| 7 | accurately | accurately | ADV | _ | 8 characterises | advmod |
| 8 | characterises | characteris | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 material | det |
| 10 | material | material | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 characterises | obj |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 which | case |
| 12 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 composed | obl |
| 13 | feathers | feather | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 composed | nsubj:pass |
| 14 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 composed | aux:pass |
| 15 | composed | compose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 material | acl:relcl |
| 16 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 8 characterises | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | follow | gerund | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | characteris | present | the material | of the following statements; accurately property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | compose | present · passive | feathers | of the material | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
Chitin, the same material as insect shells
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Chitin | Chitin | PROPN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 material | punct |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 material | det |
| 4 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 material | amod |
| 5 | material | material | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Chitin | appos |
| 6 | as | as | ADP | _ | 8 shells | case |
| 7 | insect | insect | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 shells | compound |
| 8 | shells | shell | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 material | nmod |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 2
Bone, the same hard material as the rest of the skeleton
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bone | bone | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 material | punct |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 material | det |
| 4 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 material | amod |
| 5 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 material | amod |
| 6 | material | material | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Bone | appos |
| 7 | as | as | ADP | _ | 9 rest | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 rest | det |
| 9 | rest | rest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 material | nmod |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 skeleton | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 skeleton | det |
| 12 | skeleton | skeleton | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 rest | nmod |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer
Keratin, the same material as hair and nails
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Keratin | Keratin | PROPN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 material | punct |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 material | det |
| 4 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 material | amod |
| 5 | material | material | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Keratin | appos |
| 6 | as | as | ADP | _ | 7 hair | case |
| 7 | hair | hair | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 material | nmod |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 nails | cc |
| 9 | nails | nail | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 hair | conj |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 4
Cartilage, the same material as the ears
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cartilage | cartilage | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 material | punct |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 material | det |
| 4 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 material | amod |
| 5 | material | material | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Cartilage | appos |
| 6 | as | as | ADP | _ | 8 ears | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 ears | det |
| 8 | ears | ear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 material | nmod |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/73-birds-feathers-nests-flight/e1/