Test 5 · ★ · Birds: feathers, nests and flight

If a bird's bones were solid and heavy like ours, what would happen?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: bones · What happens: be, happen

This is test 5 · ★ of lesson 73 «Birds: feathers, nests and flight» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	If	if	SCONJ	_	7 solid	mark
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 bird	det
3	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 bones	nmod:poss
4	's	's	PART	_	3 bird	case
5	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 solid	nsubj
6	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 solid	cop
7	solid	solid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 happen	advcl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 heavy	cc
9	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 solid	conj
10	like	like	ADP	_	11 ours	case
11	ours	our	PRON	Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 solid	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 happen	punct
13	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	15 happen	nsubj
14	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	15 happen	aux
15	happen	happen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	15 happen	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	is a condition, not said to happen	past	a bird's bones	like ours; solid property	tree rules
2	be		a bird's bones not said here		tree rules
3	happen	would			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It would stay warmer in winter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 stay	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 stay	aux
3	stay	stay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	warmer	warm	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 stay	xcomp
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 winter	case
6	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 stay	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stay	would	It				winter	warm property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

It would need no wings at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 need	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 need	aux
3	need	need	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	5 wings	det
5	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 need	obj
6	at	at	ADP	_	7 all	case
7	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	3 need	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	need	would	It	no wings		all			vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot wing=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Flying would be much harder

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Flying	fly	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 harder	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 harder	cop
4	much	much	ADV	_	5 harder	advmod
5	harder	hard	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	1 Flying	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fly	gerund							vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	would						hard property	tree rules

Option 4

It would fly faster and higher

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 fly	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 fly	aux
3	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	faster	fast	ADV	Degree=Cmp	3 fly	advmod
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 higher	cc
6	higher	high	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 fly	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fly	would	It					fast property	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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