Test 7 · ★ · Birds: feathers, nests and flight

Why do paper aeroplane wings and real plane wings work a bit like a bird's wing?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: aeroplane wings · What happens: do, work · To what, where: bit

This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 73 «Birds: feathers, nests and flight» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	2 do	advmod
2	do	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 work	advcl
3	paper	paper	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 aeroplane	compound
4	aeroplane	aeroplane	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 wings	compound
5	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 work	nsubj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 wings	cc
7	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 wings	amod
8	plane	plane	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 wings	compound
9	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 wings	conj
10	work	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 bit	det
12	bit	bit	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 work	obj
13	like	like	ADP	_	17 wing	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 bird	det
15	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 wing	nmod:poss
16	's	's	PART	_	15 bird	case
17	wing	wing	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 work	obl
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	10 work	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do	present	aeroplane wings and real plane wings not said here						vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	work	present	aeroplane wings and real plane wings	a bit				like a bird's wing	vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent bit=Material

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

Air flowing past the wings pushes them up

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 pushes	nsubj
2	flowing	flow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	1 Air	acl
3	past	past	ADP	_	5 wings	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 wings	det
5	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 flowing	obl
6	pushes	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 pushes	obj
8	up	up	ADP	_	6 pushes	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	flow	gerund	Air not said here					past the wings	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	push up	present	Air	wings = wing					vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

They are lighter than air

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 lighter	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 lighter	cop
3	lighter	light	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
4	than	than	ADP	_	5 air	case
5	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lighter	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	They					than air; light property	tree rules

Option 3

They flap up and down just like a bird's wings

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 flap	nsubj
2	flap	flap	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	up	up	ADV	_	2 flap	advmod
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 down	cc
5	down	down	ADV	_	3 up	conj
6	just	just	ADV	_	11 wings	advmod
7	like	like	ADP	_	11 wings	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 bird	det
9	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 wings	nmod:poss
10	's	's	PART	_	9 bird	case
11	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 flap	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	flap	present	They					like a bird's wings	vn body_internal_motion-49.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

They are made of feathers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 made	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 made	aux:pass
3	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 feathers	case
5	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 made	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present · passive		They				of feathers	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/73-birds-feathers-nests-flight/t7/