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Test 8 · ★ · Birds: feathers, nests and flight

A chicken swallows small stones. Why?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: chicken · What happens: swallow · To what, where: small stones

This is test 8 · ★ of lesson 73 «Birds: feathers, nests and flight» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A chicken swallows small stones.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 chicken	det
2	chicken	chicken	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 swallows	nsubj
3	swallows	swallow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 stones	amod
5	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 swallows	obj
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 swallows	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	swallow	present	a chicken	small stones					vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stone=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	root	root
2	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 Why	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The stones help its gizzard grind food

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 stones	det
2	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 help	nsubj
3	help	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 gizzard	nmod:poss
5	gizzard	gizzard	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 help	obj
6	grind	grind	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 help	conj
7	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 grind	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	help	present	the stones	its gizzard					vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gizzard=Beneficiary
2	grind	present	the stones not said here	food					vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient

Option 2

The stones keep its feathers clean

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 stones	det
2	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 keep	nsubj
3	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 feathers	nmod:poss
5	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 keep	obj
6	clean	clean	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 keep	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	present	the stones	its feathers				clean property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feather=Theme

Option 3

The stones clean its beak

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 stones	det
2	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 clean	nsubj
3	clean	clean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 beak	nmod:poss
5	beak	beak	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 clean	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	clean	present	the stones	its beak					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent beak=Patient

Option 4

The stones make it heavier in wind

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 stones	det
2	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 make	nsubj
3	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 make	obj
5	heavier	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 make	xcomp
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 wind	case
7	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 make	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	the stones	it		wind		heavy property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/73-birds-feathers-nests-flight/t8/