Exam question 4 · Fish, frogs and reptiles

Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning the skeleton of a shark.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, response, established facts · What happens: select, be, establish, concern · To what, where: response, skeleton

This is exam question 4 of lesson 74 «Fish, frogs and reptiles» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 consistent	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 consistent	cop
6	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	acl:relcl
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 facts	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 facts	det
9	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 facts	amod
10	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 consistent	obl
11	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 facts	acl
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 skeleton	det
13	skeleton	skeleton	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 concerning	obj
14	of	of	ADP	_	16 shark	case
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 shark	det
16	shark	shark	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 skeleton	nmod
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response		vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	is	present	the response		with the established facts; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
4	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the skeleton of a shark		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus skeleton=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It is composed of solid bone throughout

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 composed	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 composed	aux:pass
3	composed	compose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 bone	case
5	solid	solid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 bone	amod
6	bone	bone	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 composed	obl
7	throughout	throughout	PUNCT	_	3 composed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	compose	present · passive		It				of solid bone	vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result

Option 2

A shark possesses no skeleton whatsoever

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 shark	det
2	shark	shark	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 possesses	nsubj
3	possesses	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	5 skeleton	det
5	skeleton	skeleton	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 possesses	obj
6	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	_	3 possesses	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	a shark	no skeleton				whatsoever property	vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot skeleton=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It is composed of cartilage, not bone

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 composed	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 composed	aux:pass
3	composed	compose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 cartilage	case
5	cartilage	cartilage	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 composed	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 bone	punct
7	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 bone	advmod
8	bone	bone	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 cartilage	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	compose	present · passive		It				of cartilage and bone	vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result

Option 4

It is composed of hollow bone

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 composed	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 composed	aux:pass
3	composed	compose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 bone	case
5	hollow	hollow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 bone	amod
6	bone	bone	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 composed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	compose	present · passive		It				of hollow bone	vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/74-fish-frogs-reptiles/e4/