Exam question 3 · Fish, frogs and reptiles

Ascertain the principal reason for which frogs are readily harmed by polluted water.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, polluted water · What happens: ascertain, harm, pollute · To what, where: principal reason, frogs

This is exam question 3 of lesson 74 «Fish, frogs and reptiles» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 harmed	obl
7	frogs	frog	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 harmed	nsubj:pass
8	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 harmed	aux:pass
9	readily	readily	ADV	_	10 harmed	advmod
10	harmed	harm	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 reason	acl
11	by	by	ADP	_	13 water	case
12	polluted	pollute	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 water	amod
13	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 harmed	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason		vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic
2	harm	present · passive	polluted water	frogs	for the principal reason; readily property	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer
3	pollute	participle				tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Their skin is thin and moist

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 skin	nmod:poss
2	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 thin	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 thin	cop
4	thin	thin	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 moist	cc
6	moist	moist	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 thin	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Their skin					thin property	tree rules
2	be		Their skin not said here						tree rules

Option 2

They possess no gills at any stage

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 possess	nsubj
2	possess	possess	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 gills	det
4	gills	gill	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 possess	obj
5	at	at	ADP	_	7 stage	case
6	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	7 stage	det
7	stage	stage	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 possess	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present	They	no gills		any stage			vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot gill=Theme

Option 3

They drink great quantities of water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 drink	nsubj
2	drink	drink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 quantities	amod
4	quantities	quantity	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 drink	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 water	case
6	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 quantities	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	drink	present	They	great quantities of water					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent quantity=Patient

Option 4

Their skin is dry and scaly

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 skin	nmod:poss
2	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 dry	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 dry	cop
4	dry	dry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 scaly	cc
6	scaly	scaly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 dry	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Their skin					dry property	tree rules
2	be		Their skin not said here						tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/74-fish-frogs-reptiles/e3/