Exam question 2 · Fish, frogs and reptiles

Identify the function of the swim bladder of a fish.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify · To what, where: function

This is exam question 2 of lesson 74 «Fish, frogs and reptiles» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 function	det
3	function	function	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 bladder	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 bladder	det
6	swim	swim	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 bladder	compound
7	bladder	bladder	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 function	nmod
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 fish	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 fish	det
10	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 bladder	nmod
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the function of the swim bladder of a fish					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent function=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It permits the fish to float at one depth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 permits	nsubj
2	permits	permit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 fish	det
4	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 permits	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 float	mark
6	float	float	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 permits	advcl
7	at	at	ADP	_	9 depth	case
8	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 depth	nummod
9	depth	depth	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 float	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	permit	present	It	the fish					vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Theme
2	float	to-infinitive				one depth			vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at depth=Trajectory

Option 2

It enables the fish to breathe air

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 enables	nsubj
2	enables	enable	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 fish	det
4	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 enables	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 breathe	mark
6	breathe	breathe	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 enables	advcl
7	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 breathe	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	enable	present	It	the fish					tree rules
2	breathe	to-infinitive		air					vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme

Option 3

It enables the fish to digest its food

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 enables	nsubj
2	enables	enable	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 fish	det
4	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 enables	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 digest	mark
6	digest	digest	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 enables	advcl
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 food	nmod:poss
8	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 digest	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	enable	present	It	the fish					tree rules
2	digest	to-infinitive		fish's food					tree rules

Option 4

It permits the fish to sense movements in the water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 permits	nsubj
2	permits	permit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 fish	det
4	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 permits	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 sense	mark
6	sense	sense	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 permits	advcl
7	movements	movement	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 sense	obj
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 water	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 water	det
10	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 sense	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	permit	present	It	the fish					vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Theme
2	sense	to-infinitive		movements		the water			vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer movement=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/74-fish-frogs-reptiles/e2/