Test 13 · ★ · Fish, frogs and reptiles

my brother reckons fish breathe air with lungs like us. right?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: brother, fish · What happens: reckon, breathe · To what, where: air

This is test 13 · ★ of lesson 74 «Fish, frogs and reptiles» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 brother	nmod:poss
2	brother	brother	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 reckons	nsubj
3	reckons	reckon	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 breathe	nsubj
5	breathe	breathe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 reckons	ccomp
6	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 breathe	obj
7	with	with	ADP	_	8 lungs	case
8	lungs	lung	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 breathe	obl
9	like	like	ADP	_	10 us	case
10	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	8 lungs	nmod
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 reckons	punct
12	right	right	INTJ	_	3 reckons	discourse
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 reckons	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reckon	present	my brother						vn consider-29.9-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	breathe	present	fish	air				with lungs like us	vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

No, fish take oxygen from the water with their gills

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	4 take	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 take	nsubj
4	take	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 take	obj
6	from	from	ADP	_	8 water	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 water	det
8	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 take	obl
9	with	with	ADP	_	11 gills	case
10	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 gills	nmod:poss
11	gills	gill	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 take	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	take	present	fish	oxygen		the water		with fish's gills	vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent oxygen=Theme from water=Initial_Location

Option 2

Yes, fish swim up to breathe air every minute

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	4 swim	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 swim	nsubj
4	swim	swim	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	up	up	ADP	_	4 swim	compound:prt
6	to	to	PART	_	7 breathe	mark
7	breathe	breathe	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 swim	advcl
8	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 breathe	obj
9	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	10 minute	det
10	minute	minute	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 breathe	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	swim up	present	fish						vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	breathe	to-infinitive	fish not said here	air			minute		vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme

Option 3

Yes, but only big fish like sharks

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	6 fish	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	but	but	CCONJ	_	6 fish	cc
4	only	only	ADV	_	6 fish	advmod
5	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 fish	amod
6	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
7	like	like	ADP	_	8 sharks	case
8	sharks	shark	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 fish	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4

No, fish do not need any oxygen at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	6 need	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 need	nsubj
4	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 need	aux
5	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	6 need	advmod
6	need	need	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	8 oxygen	det
8	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 need	obj
9	at	at	ADP	_	10 all	case
10	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 need	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not need	present · do-support	fish	any oxygen		all			vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot oxygen=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/74-fish-frogs-reptiles/t13/