Exam question 1 · Mammals and how they care for their young

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the feature common to all mammals?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: feature

This is exam question 1 of lesson 75 «Mammals and how they care for their young» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 feature	det
10	feature	feature	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 characterises	xcomp
12	to	to	ADP	_	14 mammals	case
13	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	14 mammals	det
14	mammals	mammal	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 common	obl
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the feature				of the following statements; accurately, common property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

They lay eggs with hard shells

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 lay	nsubj
2	lay	lay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 lay	obj
4	with	with	ADP	_	6 shells	case
5	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 shells	amod
6	shells	shell	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 lay	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lay	present	They	eggs				with hard shells	vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Result

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

They feed their young with milk

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 feed	nsubj
2	feed	feed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 young	nmod:poss
4	young	young	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 feed	obj
5	with	with	ADP	_	6 milk	case
6	milk	milk	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 feed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	feed	present	They	their young				with milk	vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent young=Recipient

Option 3

They give birth to live young without exception

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 give	nsubj
2	give	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	birth	birth	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 give	obj
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 young	case
5	live	live	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 young	amod
6	young	young	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 give	obl
7	without	without	ADP	_	8 exception	case
8	exception	exception	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 give	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present	They	birth	live young			without exception	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent birth=Theme to young=Recipient

Option 4

They carry their young in a pouch

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 carry	nsubj
2	carry	carry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 young	nmod:poss
4	young	young	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 carry	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 pouch	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 pouch	det
7	pouch	pouch	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 carry	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	carry	present	They	their young		a pouch			vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent young=Value in pouch=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/75-mammals-and-their-young/e1/