Exam question 1 · Trees and forests through the year

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the means of estimating the age of a felled tree?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: the · What happens: follow, characteris, mean, estimate, fell · To what, where: age

This is exam question 1 of lesson 76 «Trees and forests through the year» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 means	nsubj
10	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 characterises	ccomp
11	of	of	SCONJ	_	12 estimating	mark
12	estimating	estimate	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	10 means	advcl
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 age	det
14	age	age	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 estimating	obj
15	of	of	ADP	_	18 tree	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 tree	det
17	felled	fell	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	18 tree	amod
18	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 age	nmod
19	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present			of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	mean	present	the			vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
4	estimate	gerund	the not said here	the age of a felled tree		vn estimate-34.2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Agent age=Value
5	fell	participle				tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Counting the branches upon its crown

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Counting	count	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 branches	det
3	branches	branch	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Counting	obj
4	upon	upon	ADP	_	6 crown	case
5	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 crown	nmod:poss
6	crown	crown	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Counting	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	count	gerund		the branches				upon its crown	vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent branch=Theme
2	crown		its = it						nom crown «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Counting the rings of wood in its stump

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Counting	count	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 rings	det
3	rings	ring	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Counting	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 wood	case
5	wood	wood	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 rings	nmod
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 stump	case
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 stump	nmod:poss
8	stump	stump	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Counting	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	count	gerund		the rings of wood		wood's stump			vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ring=Theme

Option 3

Measuring the height of its trunk

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Measuring	measure	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 height	det
3	height	height	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Measuring	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 trunk	case
5	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 trunk	nmod:poss
6	trunk	trunk	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 height	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	measure	gerund		the height of height's trunk					vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme height=Value

Option 4

Weighing the leaves which it bears

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Weighing	weigh	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 leaves	det
3	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Weighing	obj
4	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	6 bears	det
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 bears	nsubj
6	bears	bear	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 leaves	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	weigh	gerund		the leaves and which bears					vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme leaf=Value
2	bear		it						tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/76-trees-and-forests-through-the-year/e1/