Exam question 2 · Trees and forests through the year

Identify the principal reason for which leaves turn yellow and orange in autumn.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, leaves · What happens: identify, turn · To what, where: principal reason

This is exam question 2 of lesson 76 «Trees and forests through the year» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 turn	obl
7	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 turn	nsubj
8	turn	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 reason	acl:relcl
9	yellow	yellow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 turn	xcomp
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 orange	cc
11	orange	orange	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 yellow	conj
12	in	in	ADP	_	13 autumn	case
13	autumn	autumn	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 turn	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	turn	present	leaves				autumn	for the principal reason; yellow property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The leaves absorb the colour of the sunset

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 leaves	det
2	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 absorb	nsubj
3	absorb	absorb	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 colour	det
5	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 absorb	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 sunset	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 sunset	det
8	sunset	sunset	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 colour	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	absorb	present	the leaves	the colour of the sunset					vn absorb-39.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Goal colour=Theme

Option 2

Frost paints the leaves with colour

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Frost	frost	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 paints	nsubj
2	paints	paint	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 leaves	det
4	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 paints	obj
5	with	with	ADP	_	6 colour	case
6	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 paints	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	paint	present	Frost	the leaves				with colour	vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent leaf=Destination with colour=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The green chlorophyll breaks down

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 chlorophyll	det
2	green	green	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 chlorophyll	amod
3	chlorophyll	chlorophyll	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 breaks	nsubj
4	breaks	break	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	down	down	ADP	_	4 breaks	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	break down	present	the green chlorophyll						vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 4

The tree draws water into the leaves

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 tree	det
2	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 draws	nsubj
3	draws	draw	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 draws	obj
5	into	into	ADP	_	7 leaves	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 leaves	det
7	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 draws	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	draw	present	the tree	water				into the leaves result	vn lure-59.3 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent water=Patient into leaf=Result

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/76-trees-and-forests-through-the-year/e2/