Test 12 · Trees and forests through the year

Ava says pine trees never lose any leaves. true?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Ava, pine trees · What happens: say, not lose · To what, where: leaves · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 12 of lesson 76 «Trees and forests through the year» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ava	Ava	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	pine	pine	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 trees	compound
4	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 lose	nsubj
5	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	6 lose	advmod
6	lose	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 says	ccomp
7	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	8 leaves	det
8	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 lose	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 true	punct
10	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 says	parataxis
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Ava						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	not lose	present	pine trees	any leaves					vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Yes, evergreen needles last for the tree's whole life

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	4 needles	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	evergreen	evergreen	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 needles	compound
4	needles	needle	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 last	nsubj
5	last	last	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	for	for	ADP	_	11 life	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 tree	det
8	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 life	nmod:poss
9	's	's	PART	_	8 tree	case
10	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 life	amod
11	life	life	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 last	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	last	present	evergreen needles					for the tree's whole life	vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

No, pine trees drop all their needles in autumn

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	5 drop	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 drop	punct
3	pine	pine	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 trees	compound
4	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 drop	nsubj
5	drop	drop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	8 needles	det:predet
7	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 needles	nmod:poss
8	needles	needle	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 drop	obj
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 autumn	case
10	autumn	autumn	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 drop	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	drop	present	pine trees	trees's needles			autumn		vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent needle=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

No, evergreens lose old needles little by little

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	4 lose	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	evergreens	evergreen	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 lose	nsubj
4	lose	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 needles	amod
6	needles	needle	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 lose	obj
7	little	little	ADV	Degree=Pos	4 lose	advmod
8	by	by	ADP	_	9 little	case
9	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 lose	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lose	present	evergreens	old needles				by little; little property	vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent needle=Eventuality

Option 4

Yes, but only if they grow in warm places

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	7 grow	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 grow	punct
3	but	but	CCONJ	_	7 grow	cc
4	only	only	ADV	_	7 grow	advmod
5	if	if	SCONJ	_	7 grow	mark
6	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 grow	nsubj
7	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 places	case
9	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 places	amod
10	places	place	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 grow	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	present	they			warm places			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in place=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/76-trees-and-forests-through-the-year/t12/