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Test 5 · ★ · Dinosaurs and life long ago

Scientists find a trail of big three-toed footprints in rock. What does it show?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Scientists, trail · What happens: find, show · To what, where: trail

This is test 5 · ★ of lesson 78 «Dinosaurs and life long ago» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Scientists find a trail of big three-toed footprints in rock.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 find	nsubj
2	find	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 trail	det
4	trail	trail	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 find	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	10 footprints	case
6	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 footprints	amod
7	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 toed	nummod
8	-	-	PUNCT	_	7 three	punct
9	toed	toed	ADJ	_	10 footprints	amod
10	footprints	footprint	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 trail	nmod
11	in	in	ADP	_	12 rock	case
12	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 footprints	nmod
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 find	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	find	present	Scientists	a trail of big toed footprints in rock					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trail=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What does it show?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 show	obj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 show	aux
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 show	nsubj
4	show	show	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 show	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present · do-support	trail						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent what=Recipient

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

A dinosaur once walked on soft mud there

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 dinosaur	det
2	dinosaur	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 walked	nsubj
3	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	4 walked	advmod
4	walked	walk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	on	on	ADP	_	7 mud	case
6	soft	soft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 mud	amod
7	mud	mud	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 walked	obl
8	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	4 walked	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	walk	past	a dinosaur			soft mud; there		once property	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on mud=Trajectory

Option 2

A dinosaur's bones are buried just below

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 dinosaur	det
2	dinosaur	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 bones	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 dinosaur	case
4	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 buried	nsubj:pass
5	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 buried	aux:pass
6	buried	bury	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	just	just	ADV	_	8 below	advmod
8	below	below	ADV	_	6 buried	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bury	present · passive		a dinosaur's bones				below property	vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

A bird made them last year

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 bird	det
2	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 made	nsubj
3	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 made	obj
5	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 year	amod
6	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 made	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	past	a bird	them = they			year		vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Product

Option 4

The rock was cut by people

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 rock	det
2	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cut	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 cut	aux:pass
4	cut	cut	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 people	case
6	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 cut	obl:agent

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cut	past · passive	people	the rock					vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Product

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/78-dinosaurs-and-life-long-ago/t5/