Test 3 · ★★ · Senses of animals: how they see, hear and smell

Why could a bat still catch moths in a completely dark cave?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · What happens: catch · To what, where: moths, dark cave

This is test 3 · ★★ of lesson 79 «Senses of animals: how they see, hear and smell» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	6 catch	advmod
2	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 catch	aux
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 bat	det
4	bat	bat	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 could	nsubj
5	still	still	ADV	_	6 catch	advmod
6	catch	catch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	moths	moth	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 catch	obj
8	in	in	ADP	_	12 cave	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 cave	det
10	completely	completely	ADV	_	11 dark	advmod
11	dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 cave	amod
12	cave	cave	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 catch	obl
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 catch	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	catch	could		moths		a dark cave	still		vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent moth=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Moths glow in the dark, so it can spot them easily

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Moths	moth	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 glow	nsubj
2	glow	glow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 dark	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 dark	det
5	dark	dark	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 glow	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 spot	punct
7	so	so	ADV	_	10 spot	advmod
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 spot	nsubj
9	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 spot	aux
10	spot	spot	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 glow	advcl
11	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 spot	obj
12	easily	easily	ADV	_	10 spot	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	glow	present	Moths			the dark			vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in dark=Location
2	spot	can	dark	Moths = moth				easily property	vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme they=Destination

Option 2

It smells the dust on the moths' wings from far off

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 smells	nsubj
2	smells	smell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 dust	det
4	dust	dust	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 smells	obj
5	on	on	ADP	_	9 wings	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 moths	det
7	moths	moth	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 wings	nmod:poss
8	'	's	PART	_	7 moths	case
9	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 smells	obl
10	from	from	ADP	_	11 far	case
11	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	12 off	advmod
12	off	off	ADV	_	2 smells	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	smell	present	It	the dust		the moths's wings		off property	vn stalk-35.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent dust=Theme on wing=Location

Option 3

It sees perfectly well even in total darkness

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 sees	nsubj
2	sees	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	perfectly	perfectly	ADV	_	2 sees	advmod
4	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	2 sees	advmod
5	even	even	ADV	_	8 darkness	advmod
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 darkness	case
7	total	total	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 darkness	amod
8	darkness	darkness	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 sees	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	see	present	It			total darkness		perfectly, well property	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It listens for the echoes of its own sounds

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 listens	nsubj
2	listens	listen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	for	for	ADP	_	5 echoes	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 echoes	det
5	echoes	echo	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 listens	obl
6	of	of	ADP	_	9 sounds	case
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 sounds	nmod:poss
8	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 sounds	amod
9	sounds	sound	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 echoes	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	listen	present	It					for the echoes of its own sounds	vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for echo=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/79-senses-of-animals/t3/