Test 8 · ★★ · Senses of animals: how they see, hear and smell

Why does a dolphin hunting in muddy water not need clear eyesight?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: do, not need · To what, where: dolphin hunting, muddy water, clear eyesight

This is test 8 · ★★ of lesson 79 «Senses of animals: how they see, hear and smell» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	2 does	advmod
2	does	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 need	advcl
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 hunting	det
4	dolphin	dolphin	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 hunting	compound
5	hunting	hunting	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 does	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 water	case
7	muddy	muddy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 water	amod
8	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 does	obl
9	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	10 need	advmod
10	need	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	clear	clear	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 eyesight	amod
12	eyesight	eyesight	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 need	obj
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	10 need	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do	present		a dolphin hunting		muddy water			vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hunting=Eventuality
2	not need	present		clear eyesight					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot eyesight=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It catches only fish that glow

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 catches	nsubj
2	catches	catch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	4 fish	advmod
4	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 catches	obj
5	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 glow	nsubj
6	glow	glow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 fish	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	catch	present	It	fish					vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Theme
2	glow	present	fish						vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It finds fish by their echoes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 finds	nsubj
2	finds	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 finds	obj
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 echoes	case
5	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 echoes	nmod:poss
6	echoes	echo	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 finds	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	find	present	It	fish				by fish's echoes	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Topic

Option 3

It smells fish through its skin

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 smells	nsubj
2	smells	smell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 smells	obj
4	through	through	ADP	_	6 skin	case
5	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 skin	nmod:poss
6	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 smells	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	smell	present	It	fish		fish's skin			vn stalk-35.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent fish=Theme through skin=Location

Option 4

It waits for fish to touch it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 waits	nsubj
2	waits	wait	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	for	for	ADP	_	4 fish	case
4	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 waits	obl
5	to	to	PART	_	6 touch	mark
6	touch	touch	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 waits	advcl
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 touch	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wait	present	It					for fish	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	touch	to-infinitive		fish					vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Co-Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/79-senses-of-animals/t8/