Exam question 4 · Eclipses

Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning the safe observation of eclipses.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, response, established facts · What happens: select, be, establish, concern, observe · To what, where: response, safe observation, eclipses

This is exam question 4 of lesson 8 «Eclipses» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 consistent	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 consistent	cop
6	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	acl:relcl
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 facts	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 facts	det
9	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 facts	amod
10	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 consistent	obl
11	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 facts	acl
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 observation	det
13	safe	safe	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 observation	amod
14	observation	observation	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 concerning	obj
15	of	of	ADP	_	16 eclipses	case
16	eclipses	eclipse	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 observation	nmod
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response		vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	is	present	the response		with the established facts; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
4	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the safe observation of eclipses		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus observation=Experiencer
5	observe			eclipses		nom observation «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Both may be observed safely with the naked eye

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	4 observed	nsubj:pass
2	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 observed	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 observed	aux:pass
4	observed	observe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	safely	safely	ADV	_	4 observed	advmod
6	with	with	ADP	_	9 eye	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 eye	det
8	naked	naked	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 eye	amod
9	eye	eye	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 observed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	observe	may · passive		Both				with the naked eye; safely property	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic

Option 2

A lunar eclipse requires special glasses; a solar eclipse does not

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 eclipse	det
2	lunar	lunar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 eclipse	amod
3	eclipse	eclipse	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 requires	nsubj
4	requires	require	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	special	special	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 glasses	amod
6	glasses	glass	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 requires	obj
7	;	;	PUNCT	_	11 does	punct
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 eclipse	det
9	solar	solar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 eclipse	amod
10	eclipse	eclipse	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 does	nsubj
11	does	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 requires	conj
12	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 does	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	require	present	a lunar eclipse	special glasses					vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme glass=Precondition
2	not do	present	a solar eclipse						vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

Neither may be observed safely by any means

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Neither	neither	DET	PronType=Neg	4 observed	nsubj
2	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 observed	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 observed	aux:pass
4	observed	observe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 means	csubj
5	safely	safely	ADV	_	4 observed	advmod
6	by	by	ADP	_	7 any	case
7	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	4 observed	obl
8	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	observe	may · passive		Neither				by any; safely property	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic
2	mean	present							vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

A solar eclipse requires special eclipse glasses; a lunar eclipse does not

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 eclipse	det
2	solar	solar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 eclipse	amod
3	eclipse	eclipse	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 requires	nsubj
4	requires	require	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	special	special	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 glasses	amod
6	eclipse	eclipse	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 glasses	compound
7	glasses	glass	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 requires	obj
8	;	;	PUNCT	_	12 does	punct
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 eclipse	det
10	lunar	lunar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 eclipse	amod
11	eclipse	eclipse	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 does	nsubj
12	does	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 requires	conj
13	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	12 does	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	require	present	a solar eclipse	special eclipse glasses					vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme glass=Precondition
2	not do	present	a lunar eclipse						vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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