Exam question 4 · Heat and temperature: how things warm and cool

Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning a full bath of warm water and a small cup of boiling water.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, response, established facts · What happens: select, be, establish, concern, boil · To what, where: response, full bath

This is exam question 4 of lesson 82 «Heat and temperature: how things warm and cool» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 consistent	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 consistent	cop
6	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	acl:relcl
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 facts	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 facts	det
9	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 facts	amod
10	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 consistent	obl
11	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 facts	acl
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 bath	det
13	full	full	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 bath	amod
14	bath	bath	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 concerning	obj
15	of	of	ADP	_	17 water	case
16	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 water	amod
17	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 bath	nmod
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 cup	cc
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	21 cup	det
20	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 cup	amod
21	cup	cup	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 water	conj
22	of	of	ADP	_	24 water	case
23	boiling	boil	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	24 water	amod
24	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 cup	nmod
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response		vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	is	present	the response		with the established facts; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
4	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	a full bath of warm water and a small cup of boiling water		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus bath=Experiencer
5	boil	gerund				vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The cup holds more heat, since its temperature is higher

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 cup	det
2	cup	cup	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 holds	nsubj
3	holds	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 heat	amod
5	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 holds	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 higher	punct
7	since	since	SCONJ	_	11 higher	mark
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 temperature	nmod:poss
9	temperature	temperature	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 higher	nsubj
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 higher	cop
11	higher	high	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 holds	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold	present	the cup	more heat					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Theme
2	is	present	cup's temperature					high property	tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The bath holds more heat, though its temperature is lower

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 bath	det
2	bath	bath	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 holds	nsubj
3	holds	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 heat	amod
5	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 holds	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 lower	punct
7	though	though	SCONJ	_	11 lower	mark
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 temperature	nmod:poss
9	temperature	temperature	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 lower	nsubj
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 lower	cop
11	lower	low	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 holds	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold	present	the bath	more heat					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Theme
2	is	present	bath's temperature					low property	tree rules

Option 3

Both hold exactly the same quantity of heat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	2 hold	nsubj
2	hold	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	exactly	exactly	ADV	_	6 quantity	advmod
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 quantity	det
5	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 quantity	amod
6	quantity	quantity	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 hold	obj
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 heat	case
8	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 quantity	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold	present	Both	the same quantity of heat					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent quantity=Theme

Option 4

Neither holds any heat whatsoever

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Neither	neither	DET	PronType=Neg	2 holds	nsubj
2	holds	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	4 heat	det
4	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 holds	obj
5	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	_	2 holds	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold	present	Neither	any heat				whatsoever property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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