Test 3 · Heat and temperature: how things warm and cool
A tight metal lid will not come off a glass jar. Holding the lid under hot water helps. Why?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: tight metal lid, Holding · What happens: not come off, hold, help · To what, where: glass jar, lid, hot water
This is test 3 of lesson 82 «Heat and temperature: how things warm and cool» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: A tight metal lid will not come off a glass jar.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 lid | det |
| 2 | tight | tight | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 lid | amod |
| 3 | metal | metal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 lid | compound |
| 4 | lid | lid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 come | nsubj |
| 5 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 7 come | aux |
| 6 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 7 come | advmod |
| 7 | come | come | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 8 | off | off | ADP | _ | 7 come | compound:prt |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 jar | det |
| 10 | glass | glass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 jar | compound |
| 11 | jar | jar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 come | obl |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 come | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not come off | future | a tight metal lid | a glass jar | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Holding the lid under hot water helps.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Holding | hold | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 helps | csubj |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 lid | det |
| 3 | lid | lid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Holding | obj |
| 4 | under | under | ADP | _ | 6 water | case |
| 5 | hot | hot | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 water | amod |
| 6 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Holding | obl |
| 7 | helps | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 helps | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hold | gerund | the lid | hot water | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent lid=Theme under water=Location | ||||
| 2 | help | present | Holding | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
Sentence 3: Why?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | root | root |
| 2 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 1 Why | punct |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
The hot water makes the glass soft
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 water | det |
| 2 | hot | hot | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 water | amod |
| 3 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 makes | nsubj |
| 4 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 glass | det |
| 6 | glass | glass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 makes | obj |
| 7 | soft | soft | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 makes | xcomp |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | present | the hot water | the glass | soft property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset glass=Product |
Option 2
The heat melts the glue under the lid
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 heat | det |
| 2 | heat | heat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 melts | nsubj |
| 3 | melts | melt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 glue | det |
| 5 | glue | glue | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 melts | obj |
| 6 | under | under | ADP | _ | 8 lid | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 lid | det |
| 8 | lid | lid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 melts | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | melt | present | the heat | the glue | the lid | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient glue=Result |
Option 3
The glass expands more and pushes the lid
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 glass | det |
| 2 | glass | glass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 expands | nsubj |
| 3 | expands | expand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 3 expands | advmod |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 pushes | cc |
| 6 | pushes | push | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 expands | conj |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 lid | det |
| 8 | lid | lid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 pushes | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | expand | present | the glass | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 2 | push | present | the glass not said here | the lid | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lid=Theme |
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer
The metal lid expands and loosens
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 lid | det |
| 2 | metal | metal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 lid | compound |
| 3 | lid | lid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 expands | nsubj |
| 4 | expands | expand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 loosens | cc |
| 6 | loosens | loosen | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 expands | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | expand | present | the metal lid | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 2 | loosen | present | the metal lid not said here | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/82-heat-and-temperature/t3/